The Influence Analysis Of Parents' Absence On Rural Left-behind Children's Labor Participation Time

Since the reform and opening up,the transfer of rural labor to cities has become a major feature of China's economy.A large number of young and middle-aged laborers in rural China are shifting to cities.Due to institutional arrangements and economic culture,large-scale labor transfer has resulted in left-behind groups,including children,non-aged married women and the elderly.Will labor transfer have an impact on left-behind family members,especially on children? Childhood is an important stage in the accumulation of human capital.The development of human capital during this period will have an impact on the life of the individual.This is also related to the overall quality development of a country.With the massive outflow of rural labor,children are responsible for a large number of labor,which will inevitably affect children's health and education access.However,systematic research on the issue of rural children's labor participation in domestic academic circles is still insufficient.Therefore,based on the research at home and abroad,this paper quantitatively analyzes the status quo and main influencing factors of rural children's labor participation,and provides theoretical and empirical basis for the protection of rural children's welfare.Based on the China Health and Nutrition Survey(CHNS)data,the basic characteristics of rural children in 15 provinces,parental outings and children's labor participation status are described and analyzed.At the same time,the relationship between parental outing and child labor participation is analyzed.The study found that only the average time of labor for the children who went out of the father was 169.08 hours per year,and the average labor time for children who only went out of the mother was 322.38 hours,and the labor time for children who went out of the parents was 187.12 hours.The average working hours of non left behind children are 113.45 hours.There are some differences in the total labor time between left-behind and non-left-behind children,and the labor time of left-behind children is longer than that of non-left-behind children.A propensity score matching(PSM)model was established to match left-behind and non-left-behind children.Then the effect of parental outings on child labor participation was analyzed by difference-in-difference(DID)model.Analysis found :(1)Parental outings significantly increase the total labor time of children.(2)Only fathers going out will reduce the labor time of different labor items for rural children,but there is no significant impact.Only the mother's going out will significantly increase the child's agricultural labor time and housework time,and the total labor time will also increase significantly.Parents' going out will significantly increase the child's domestic work time and total labor time.Most importantly,labor transfer has a significant impact on gender,and girls work longer hours than boys.Finally,based on the conclusions,the countermeasures are proposed.With the migration of rural labor,the non-agriculturalization of rural youth employment choices,rural left-behind children increase their labor participation time in order to maintain the expected level of family welfare.First of all,rationally develop rural labor resources such as education,employment and other supporting systems,such as education,employment and other supporting systems.For example,in the employment system,the government can adopt a cash transfer plan or provide certain assistance and assistance policies for families who are migrant workers.Second,promote the awareness of gender equality among rural children.There are gender differences in children's labor,and rural girls are mostly engaged in housework,which is at a distinct disadvantage in the internal division of labor within the family.Promote gender equality,restructure family culture,and raise awareness of gender equality in rural areas to alleviate the pressure on girls' domestic work.Finally,it is necessary to guide local industries,provide more jobs for women,and increase employment opportunities for rural women laborers.