The Effect Of Health On The Labor Participation Of Middle-aged And Elderly People In China

At present,China is facing a situation in which the population is becoming more aging,the life expectancy of the population is prolonging,and the burden of population support is gradually increasing.At the same time,the aging of the population shows the obvious characteristics of the elderly population,the rapid growth rate and the “not getting rich first” and “not getting old first”.However,changes in the demographic structure will inevitably have a significant impact on the labor market,which is highlighted by the growth of the labor pension burden factor and the lack of structural labor supply.In addition,the increasing elderly population will increase the social pension expenditure and medical expenditure,thus increasing the economic burden of society.In such a situation,the labor supply needs to be adjusted to cope with the labor market shocks in the context of aging.Extending the retirement age and extending the working life of human capital have become important countermeasures for many countries with advanced age.As an important part of human capital,health largely determines the externality and sustainability of human capital.Therefore,exploring the impact of health on the labor participation of middle-aged and elderly people in China has important and far-reaching significance for improving the welfare level of middle-aged and old people and solving the increasingly serious problem of population aging.Based on the above background,based on the existing domestic and foreign literatures and related theories,this paper uses the China National Health and Pension Tracking Survey 2015 National Baseline Survey(CHARLS2015)cross-sectional data to empirically study the health participation of middle-aged and elderly people in China.Impact and make relevant policy recommendations accordingly.The research content of this paper is as follows:The first chapter is the introduction,which is mainly explained from four aspects: research background and significance,research ideas and research methods,definition of related concepts and possible innovations.The second chapter is the theoretical basis and literature review.The theoretical basis is to sort out the relevant theoretical sources,including human capital theory,labor market theory,work-leisure model.On this basis,the domestic and foreign literature on the relationship between health and labor participation is summarized.The third chapter is about the analysis of China's labor supply and health status.The fourth chapter introduces the research data,variables and model design.The key point is to explain the data processing process and index construction in detail.At the same time,it also proposes the model setting and discusses the selection of related instrument variables from the perspective of overcoming endogeneity problems.The fifth chapter analyzes the empirical results.This part examines the impact of health on the labor participation of middle-aged and elderly people as a whole,and also tests the heterogeneity based on the perspectives of urban and rural areas,age groups and gender.In addition,health-related indicators were separately estimated and mixed estimates in full-sample and sub-samples to test the health robustness of different dimensions.The sixth chapter is the resesrch conclusions and policy recommendations.Through the above research,it is found that:(1)From the overall sample,self-evaluation of health status significantly affects the labor participation of middle-aged and elderly people,and the poor health status will reduce the labor participation rate of individuals by 21.3 percentage points.(2)In terms of urban and rural areas,self-evaluation health has only a significant impact on the labor participation of rural middle-aged and elderly people.The reason is that rural middle-aged and elderly people have a large difference in the nature of work,and health is the key to engaging in physical labor.factor.By age,the impact of health on middle-aged people under the age of 60 is significantly greater than that of those over the age of 60,meaning that the labor supply of middle-aged people under 60 years of age is more dependent on their health;gender,health The impact on male labor participation is significantly greater than that of females,which stems from the relatively short life expectancy of men and the relatively high level of family responsibilities and risks.(3)As far as other factors are concerned,the provision of pension insurance can economically improve the economic situation of middle-aged and elderly people,but at the same time it also plays a role in restraining the willingness to participate in labor.Having health insurance will help middle-aged and older people maintain a good physical condition and promote labor participation.