On The Concept Of Justice In Rawls's The Law Of Peoples

The Law of Peoples published by Rawls in his later years has carried out a rather profound exploration of justice between different countries,but it has been severely criticized by the cosmopolitans,such as Pogge,Beitz etc.In this paper,I will discuss the concept of “peoples” in the The Law of Peoples from the perspective of a cosmopolitan.,Rawls' s inference of the eight basic principles of the law of the peoples and several core reasons why Rawls refused "global distribution justice."Rawls is the most important philosopher of egalitarianism in the 20 th century,but Rawls' s standpoint seems not very egalitarian in The Law of Peoples.Rawls tried to construct a "realistic utopia" in The Law of Peoples,but his conclusions seemed to be neither "realistic" nor "utopian".From the perspective of the cosmopolitans,there are several reasons for this phenomenon:(1)Rawls abandon the traditional liberal argument from the individual and the concept of "peoples" he used to replace "individuals" is not clear enough.(2)The original state is used multiple times at different levels,and people in different societies are not treated equally.(3)The pure domestic poverty theory held is difficult to defend,ignoring the legacy of historical injustice and the current unjust international order.(4)Rawls emphasizes the people's choices and responsibilities in The Law of Peoples,but in A Theory of Justice,Rawls believed that no one can take full responsibility for his choice because of different family environment and social status..The cosmopolitans challenge Rawls' s The Law of Peoples from the four aspects of normative individualism,impartiality,all-inclusiveness and generality,and propose a series of alternative theories.In general,The Law of peoples is designed to provide a set of policies to guide foreign relations for "reasonable liberal peoples" and "decent people".while the theories of cosmopolitans are more concerned with theimprovement of personal well-being.The problem cosmopolitans focused on are quite different...