The Research On Marx's Theory Of Need

"There is something in us that is wiser than the mind," Schopenhauer said."something" is "need".The need to constitute the reason for human survival is one of the original motivations for human development.In different social forms,human needs are obviously different.Therefore,many scholars including Marx have focused on the issue of needs.Marx's research on the need theory is based on the materialist view of history.He divided human history into three social forms in the manuscript of economics 1857-1858: the material-dependent society,the independent society of people based on the material-dependent society,and the free individual society.These three social forms can also help us to study the types and historical changes of human needs.The transition from pre-capitalist society to capitalist society means the end of old needs and the emergence of new needs.Take the three typical western countries in the modernization transformation,namely Germany,France and Britain,for example: the enlightenment movement in Germany is the most typical one.People's belief era under the former capitalist social ideology has entered the era of the awakening of the rational and liberal consciousness of the bourgeois countries.The French revolution pushed people's desire for freedom and equality to the climax,and the personal dependency of privilege system was broken.The human need for direct uptake of nature was transformed into the need for processing,and the British industrial revolution pushed the demand for production to a higher level.We put the concrete forms of human needs under the capitalist society into Marx's field of vision and present the forms of capitalist society needs through three different dimensions based on Marx's early research texts.In the economic field,the needs of Commodity Exchange,division of labor,communication and competition have come to the fore,and the needs for the development of production in capitalist society have become increasingly strong.But eventually it evolved into a need for a currency,a need for a single possession;In the political field,people in the capitalist society broke away from the shackles of the privilege system under the previous social form and expressed their desire for freedom and equality in the form of law.But this kind of equality in the form of law can't represent the equality in fact,and the liberation in the form can't be equal to the real liberation of people;In the spiritual field,Marx explained the need for freedom of self-consciousness with the deflected movement of atoms "going off the right path",but the human being who entered the capitalist society was put on a new spiritual yoke.Aiming at the dilemma and paradox of capitalist social needs,Marx criticizes from different levels and builds a bridge for the transition of modern society to the next historical stage.In order to achieve the restoration of essential needs,people must replace the single,distorted and false needs under the capitalist society with the needs of freedom,equality and diversification.Although Marx's research on the need theory reveals the essence of capitalist society,people still mislead about the false needs in the real society.Therefore,we should firmly resist the erosion of false and symbolic needs.It has an important reference significance for building the system of socialist needs with Chinese characteristics and meeting the growing needs of the people for a better life.