Study On Evacuation Design Of Subway Station Based On DfS

At present,China has entered the peak period of subway development and operation.The operation of large number of subways increases the risk of various accidents.The metro station bears the function of the urban transportation hub and usually gathers large-scale crowds within it because of the space of large capacity.In the event of terrorist attacks,fires and other emergencies,it will pose a serious threat to the public safety of the subway station and cause evacuation of the crowds at the subway station.China has made some progress in the evacuation management and design of subway stations.However,the safety management during the operation phase is based on the passive management of the existing design.Therefore,this paper proposes the concept of Design for Safety(DfS)for subway design.Based on the existing evacuation design,comprehensive consideration will be given to the evacuation management during the operation period,and the evacuation content and evacuation design effect indicators for subway design will be further studied.Finally,the secondary development method will be adopted in visualizing DfS information in BIM software,designers will be allowed to automatically query the evacuation DfS information of metro stations and automatically evaluate the evacuation design effect in BIM software,safe evacuation design will be easier.This paper uses accidental causation theory,queuing theory,literature analysis,case analysis,normative analysis,BIM,secondary development of REVIT,and database technology,through theoretical research and case validation,the following results have been achieved:(1)The factors that influence the evacuation of subway stations were analyzed,which includes operational factors,passenger factors and equipment factors.Design factors are decisive factors for equipment in subway stations,and the formation mechanism of evacuation accidents at subway stations due to improper design is explained.(2)Based on the existing evacuation design,the connotation and characteristics of the evacuation design of subway stations based on DfS was defined.What's more,the DfS toolbox requirements were analyzed.The requirements included the evacuation design content and evacuation design indicators.The sources of the evacuation design content in the toolbox were the regulatory procedures,literature research,and case studies and simulation results.The evacuation design indicators were the emergency evacuation time,capacity and the possibility of bottlenecks.(3)According to the code of regulations,literature research and case studies,the safety evacuation equipments,evacuation design elements and corresponding evacuation pre-control measures and evacuation scenarios of subway stations were fully identified and evacuation risk pre-control measures were formed.(4)Besides the current design indicators of subway evacuation design in China,the bottleneck potential of metro station facilities was proposed.Then a dll file was written in C# based on the queuing theory of metro station evacuation model.In order to verify the rationality of the model,the running detection was compared with Anylogic software and found that the model was basically consistent.(5)The DfS toolbox for safety evacuation of metro stations was constructed based on BIM technology.The toolbox was divided into five modules,which are input module,storage module,query module,calculation module,and bottleneck module.The algorithm flow of the five modules was described respectively.(6)Through the toolbox,the evacuation design inspection and optimization of a subway station design document were made.And corresponding optimization strategies and methods were proposed.