Resettlement, Re-education And Return To The City: A Study On The Movement Of Educated Youth From Beijing To The Countryside In Luochuan County

The movement of intellectual youth to go to the countryside began in the early1950 s,when the object of going to the countryside was mainly primary and secondary school graduates who lived in the countryside.The state encouraged them to return to rural farming,on the one hand,because the state reduced the enrollment of junior middle and primary schools,on the other hand,because there were many illiterates in rural areas at that time,and after agricultural cooperation,a large number of management talents and junior clerks were needed.Later,students go to the countryside gradually become a direction of graduates' employment,and urban students also go to the countryside to do farming spontaneously.The large-scale movement of educated youth to go to the countryside began on December 22,1968,when Mao Zedong published in the People's Daily that "it is necessary for educated youth to go to the countryside and receive re-education from the poor,poor and middle peasants." The instructions.According to this top directive,the whole country immediately boiling up,from the central government down to the production team,all levels of government have responded to this directive.Luochuan county is located in the south of Yan 'an district.At the end of 1968,there were 2,395 educated youth in Beijing who came here and were respectively settled in 16 communes in the whole county.In this paper,the resettlement,re-education,return to the city three aspects of Luochuan county Beijing educated youth to explore.At the beginning of resettlement,county reform committee according to the requirements of the higher level and the actual situation of the production team,theproper settlement of accommodation,resettlement funds distribution,ration supply,cotton cloth use,medical and health care,spiritual needs,labor points calculation and other resettlement work.In order to make the resettlement policy in practice,Luochuan county reform committee will not regularly in the commune,production brigade investigation,timely correction of accommodation,funds management,work points calculation and other aspects of the problem,to ensure the basic life of educated youth in the production team.The main task of young intellectuals going to the countryside is to receive re-education from the poor and middle peasants.The various communes in Luochuan county reeducated the educated youth by means of typical guidance,organization of learning classes,and fire smelting of real gold.In terms of content,it mainly reconstructs the class concept of educated youth,the glorious value of labor,and the collectivism value.Just as we should not overestimate the effect of re-education,we should not underestimate the profound education that educated young people receive in the process of eating,living and working with the masses,which is a typical experiential education.Through Beijing educated youth and the masses gradually established an intimate emotional bond.Some educated youth set up kindergartens for the village,some educated youth devote themselves to improving the education and health of the production team,and participate in the construction of water conservancy projects.Due to the complex composition of the educated youth,there is no agreed time plan for the educated youth to go to the countryside.However,in the long run,the educated youth have obtained the valuable spiritual wealth that will benefit them all their lives through re-education.In the course of 40 years of reform and opening up,this wealth is not only for the educated youth personally,but also for the whole society,which is the spiritual power to revitalize China.With the arrest of the gang of four and the convening of the third plenary session of the eleventh central committee of the communist party of China(CPC),the issue of educated youth returning to the city has increasingly become the focus of nationalattention.Educated youth returned to the city from the beginning of the movement never stopped.Luochuan county,the earliest return to the city of Beijing educated youth is 36 disabled students.After that,the way of educated youth returning to the city is to recruit workers,take an examination of university,take over,join the army,and return to their original place to participate in the movement of educated youth going to the countryside.By August 1979,there were only 11 educated youths in Luochuan.According to the actual situation of educated youth,11 people were arranged to work in various units in Luochuan county.These 11 people are also the educated youth of Beijing rooted in Luochuan in a real sense.The vigorous movement of educated youth to go to the countryside has gradually faded from the stage of history.Some say they are the "lost generation",believing that their youth has been delayed.However,from the perspective of the 40-year history of China's reform and opening up,they are "high-spirited generation".In the process of receiving re-education,they gradually formed the value of "serving the people",not afraid of hardship,but daring to forge ahead.