Education Reform Of Tajikistan After The Break-up Of The Soviet Union(USSR):Perspective From Policy And Government Role

After the collapse of the Soviet Union,the educational System of Tajikistan has progressed to transform into an entire new shape by embracing a series of changes.This all began slowly as the initial academic model;which was adopted from the Soviet Union;continued throughout the first decade.With the independence of Tajikistan in 1991,education has been recognized as the basic human right and also promoted as one of the tools for social and economic development.The Government of Tajikistan has taken several steps towards reforming the educational system through such legislative changes of Law on Education in 1993,National School Conception in 1994 and the State Standards of General Secondary Education in 1997.It is also acknowledged by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Tajikistan as well as by some international agencies worldwide.Presently,the education system in Tajikistan is facing many challenges.For instance,infrastructure and materials need replacement and repair;curriculum needs to be adapted to changing conditions;professional development for teachers is critically required,while at the same time the means to retain experienced teachers and attract new ones also need to be found.However,at the same time,children‘s meaningful access to education system has been threatened by different factors which have an impact on their attendance and participation in education,while keeping some of the youth out of school altogether.This research addresses the need of reforms and their application,realization and resulting benefits into the future development of the country.As the basis of the modern educational system the first decade carried ahead on the Soviet pattern,it needed time to manage the new and modern administrative system concerning education.The Republic of Tajikistan has established its own state policy on education and consequently introduced policy reforms within the Constitution of the Republic of Tajikistan,Law of Education and other related republican,legal and international standards.Although the educators in Tajikistan today are influenced by the old inherited system but they are also open to new ideas on curriculum,pedagogy,teacher training,textbooks and assessment,and also adopt the recommendations by the Ministry of Education and the World Bank made in their working papers and guideline documents issued to identify current discourses on the education system‘s needs and problems.However,there is still insufficient knowledge and theories on the current state of education in Tajikistan,and a lack of information on attitudes of all stakeholders to educational change.The research cites the field work on the lives,daily practices and work of teachers in the area as an example of how practitioners‘ experience is both in accord and discord with the vision of the Ministry of Education with external educational development and progressive agencies,and suggests that effective long-term development of education in Tajikistan needs a further in-depth analysis rooted in qualitative and quantitative research methods and a greater development of local research capacity at all levels of the educational system.After the signing the Peace Accord in 1997,Tajikistan began to develop its socio,cultural and economic sectors.In last two years,the indicator of economic growth reached to 10%.A paper on poverty reduction strategy informs that the solution of some of the development issues is complex and contains serious challenges and risks.The situation in country was in transition of post conflict rehabilitation situation.The country fund-raised the range of programs on implementation of institutional reforms,including state enterprises and public reforms,focusing on public service quality and management improvement and effectiveness of public expenditures.There are still some key factors that negatively affected and will continue to affect the education,thus making it difficult to attain the Millennium Development Goals(MDG)and ‘education for all' objective for Tajikistan.