Research On Digital Labor From The Perspective Of Marxism

After the Second World War,the great changes in Eastern Europe and the disintegration of the Soviet Union,and the severe setbacks in world socialism,coupled with the rise of the neoliberalism,Marxism was gradually marginalized and labelled until the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008,Western scholars His eyes returned to Marxist theory again,in order to reflect on the defects of the capitalist system,and to analyze the production methods and exploitative nature of contemporary capitalist society with "digital labor"-the new human form of labor in the digital age-as the starting point."Digital labor" has gradually become a hot topic of continuous discussion by scholars at home and abroad.Understanding the connotation of "digital labor",clarifying the essence of "digital labor",and exposing the production process of "digital capital" and the problems that exist in them are all questions that we need to answer collectively.At present,domestic and foreign academic circles have mostly focused on the interpretation of the concept and the alienation phenomenon in the labor process while ignoring the research on the production relationship in digital labor.Marx told us more than a century ago that through the analysis of the capitalist production methods in the 18 th century,the productive forces determine the production relationship,and the production relationship counteracts the productive forces.The contradictory movement between the productive forces and the production relationship constitutes the fundamental driving force for the development of capitalist social production This theory still applies today.Based on the context of Marx’s "labor theory of value",this thesis analyzes and criticizes "digital labor" around the following aspects: First,it introduces the theoretical sources of digital labor,and the "immaterial" of Hart and Negri The theory of labor and Christian Fox ’s critical theory of “digital labor” are combed in detail.According to Marx ’s formulation of the concepts of “productive labor” and “immaterial labor”,the conclusion is drawn that “digital labor” still belongs to Marx in essence The categoryof "productive labor" is just that compared to capitalism in the 18 th century,it is productive labor in the sense of the appreciation of digital capital.Secondly,according to Marx’s research path of capitalist production methods in the 18 th century,the formation of digital commodities,the evolution process of digital capital,and the production process of surplus value in the process of "digital labor" were elaborated in detail,and revealed that digital labor In the process,the original data produced online by Internet users does not directly become data commodities,but requires secondary processing and processing by data engineers to become data commodities that add value to digital capital.Therefore,the direct labor subject in the digital labor process is a data engineer,and the original data produced by Internet users is only the raw materials required in the labor process.Finally,in the process of digital labor,there are problems such as labor alienation and data leakage,which infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of laborers.This article proposes corresponding solutions to these problems.