Research On Fair Competition Review System In China From The Perspective Of New Institutional Economics

The promulgation of opinions on establishing fair competition review system in market system construction in 2016 and detailed rules for the implementation of fair competition review system(Provisional)in 2017 marked the establishment of the framework of fair competition review system in China.Fair competition review system refers to the review of public policies that may involve market competition by policy-making organs or other institutions to evaluate whether their impact on the market is reasonable,so as to regulate government behavior and prevent the introduction of policies and measures to exclude and limit competition.The establishment of fair competition review system is a key step for China to establish the basic position of competition policy,a major institutional arrangement for maintaining fair competition in the market,an innovative top-level design for regulating administrative monopoly,which is of great and far-reaching significance for comprehensively deepening reform and further clarifying the boundary between the government and the market.New institutional economics is a branch of economics that studies the emergence and evolution of institution itself and its relationship with economic activities.It focuses on the composition and operation of institution,analyzes human,institution and economic activities and their interrelations.This paper chooses the theory of new institutional economics as the theoretical basis of the study,which provides a unique vision for the study of fair competition review system.First of all,it interprets the connotation and function of fair competition review system under the new institutional economics,which is the logical starting point of this paper.Based on the theory of institutional change,this paper analyzes the characteristics of institutional change of fair competition review.Fair competition system is a compulsory institutional change from the top to the bottom with the state as the main body of the change.Institutional change motivation is institutional change under the dual functions of external motivation of institutional environment change and internal motivation of institutional imbalance,and shows the path in the process of institutional change Characteristics of Lai.Secondly,based on the theory of institutional change and principal-agent theory,this paper analyzes the problems in the implementation of fair competition review system from different perspectives.From the perspective of institutional change theory,the "time lag" in the institutional change of fair competition review results in the problem of institutional deficiency,which is mainly manifested in the imperfection of the core mechanism of "self-examination"and the lag of the supply of supporting systems,and the failure of the supply of systems to meet the demand of systems,which leads to the inefficiency of the implementation of systems;from the perspective of principal-agent theory,based on the assumption of rational economic man of the government,each of them Due to the inconsistency of interest function,the subject's interest game restricts the implementation of fair competition review system.The game between the local government and the central government results in the failure of the principal-agent mechanism of "central local" in the implementation of the fair competition review system.The strategy often adopted in the game between the local government and other local governments is to implement the local protection and block the market,which is contrary to the purpose of breaking the local protection by the fair competition review.Therefore,the local government is expected to actively implement the fair competition review There's no way to check.Finally,the paper puts forward the optimization path to improve the fair competition review system.No matter from the theory of institutional change or principal-agent theory,we need to establish a complete set of incentive and constraint supervision mechanism to ensure the implementation of the system.Therefore,from the implementation of the third-party evaluation mechanism,the establishment of a fair competition review incentive mechanism,strengthening the fair competition review accountability mechanism,improve the fair competition review system supervision mechanism,several aspects of specific measures to improve.In addition,informal institutions can reduce the friction of institutional change and the implementation cost of formal institutions.Therefore,the smooth promotion of fair competition system also needs to strengthen the construction of informal system,mainly the cultivation of competition culture.