A Study On Sino-German Negotiation In The Tianjin Concession

At the end of 1870s,Tianjin port's demand for water transport increased greatly under the influence of Ding-Wu Disaster.However,the German ships berthed in the British concession in Tianjin were charged a high parking fee by the British.Germany,which was not satisfied with this,initiated the idea of stopping the ships in Tianjin,and began to negotiate with the Qing government about stopping the ships in the leased land.This bargaining behavior of Germany can be regarded as the pioneer of Tianjin German Concession.After the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895,Germany proposed to the Qing government to establish a concession in Tianjin on the basis of its meritorious service in "helping to collect the land of Liao".The Qing government quickly agreed to pay him.Finally,to the Qing government subsidies a total of about 120 thousand taels of silver,to the gentry move graves to let the price,Tianjin German Concession successfully delimited.In 1901,after more than three months of negotiation,Germany and China formally signed the German concession promotion contract on July 20,which promoted the German concession in Tianjin.The successful development of the German Concession was due to the four factors that Germany had long imagined,including land occupied by war,grab competition and railway conquest.Expand the concession area for Germany to prepare the land for retention,do not need to immediately issued land price housing silver.The two sides on the opening of the concession,there is no important event negotiations,most around the withdrawal of housing,pay land tax two launched.During the first world war,the Beiyang Government took advantage of the favorable international situation to realize the smooth acceptance of the German concession of Tianjin on March 16,1917 and transformed it into a special zone.In1919,the Beiyang Government refused to sign the treaty of Versailles,which made the recovery of the German concession in Tianjin not recognized by international law,and unable to get rid of the restriction of public concession and self-opening commercial port.In 1921,the Sino-German Compact was signed,and the recovery of Tianjin German Concession obtained legal basis.Since then,faced with the interference of the diplomatic corps and consular corps in China on the governance ofthe special area,the Beiyang Government always stressed that China had full sovereignty and administrative power over the recovered German concession in Tianjin.However,it was not until 1927 that the Beiyang Government fully realized independent governance over the area.In a word,the German concession in Tianjin has experienced three stages in its development for nearly half a century,establishment,expansion and recovery.During the visit,China and Germany made representations on various issues.It can be seen that the qing government's response and passive response on the establishment,establishment and expansion of Tianjin German Concession,and the Beiyang Government's response and active struggle in the process of recovering and governing Tianjin German Concession.