Research On American Populism In The 21^st Century

After the 21st century,populism broke out in the United States.Trump’s coming to power was an important sign of the development of populism,marking that populism began to move into the mainstream political arena and had a profound impact on American society.This article focuses on the causes and effects of simultaneous outbreaks of the left-wing and right-wing populist movements in the United States after the 21 st century.Populist politics was born after the emergence of democratic politics,and it is an inevitable product of democratic politics.At the same time,under a unitary democratic system,the distinction between populist and democratic politics is not obvious.Only in the context of pluralist democracy can a clear distinction be made between populist and democratic politics,and the criterion for difference is the tolerance of the social elites.In general,populist politics does not believe in social elites and has a low tolerance for elites,but it also faces the disadvantage of being easy to step down from authoritarian politics.The United States is a country with an elitist tradition and populist relatively weak,but populist movements are frequent after the 21st century.Left-wing populist movements dominated by the Tea Party movement,"Sanders Cyclone",and "Wall Street movements",right-wing populism movements based on "Wall Street muvement" and Trump’s election.The left-wing populist movement focuses on economic equality and social fairness,while the right flank populism focuses on identity and racial issues.The populist movement of the 21st century has taken on different characteristics.First,left-wing and right-wing populist movements broke out at the same time.Secondly,the rise of populist forces from the marginal political area to the core level of the country has a direct impact on the country’s internal and external policies,and has led to the division of middle parties and moderates within the two parties towards the two wings.Third,populist forces,especially right-wing populists,use new media such as the Internet to build momentum for themselves,spreading quickly and having a wide range of influence.At the same time,left and right-wing populism in American society is erupting at the same time.The causes of the two are different.The fundamental reason for the left-wing to move towards populism is the continuous rise in its "expectations" and the strengthening of its "relative deprivation".The decline in economic status after the financial crisis was the direct cause of its outbreak.The right-wing trend towards populism is a bounce back to the declining history and current relative position of the society and the constant extremes of the concept of "political correctness" of society,which affects social fairness.At the same time,the increasingly severe extreme terrorist activities have legalized the right-wing trend towards populism.The influence of populism in the United States is the expression of citizens’dissatisfaction with society,but because of its negative and inflammatory statements,it will aggravate the contradictions and conflicts between all levels of society,different ethnic groups and races,and then affect the stability of the entire society.On the other hand,it will also affect American democratic political system.Although the corrective effect of the democratic system itself will limit it in the short term,if it is allowed to develop for a long time,it will not only affect the American system of checks and balances,but also exacerbate the generation of social anti-intellectual emotions.At the international level,the populist movement demanded that the United States undertake to reduce its international obligations.Affected by this,US foreign policy began to shift from "institutional governance" to "strength governance" to reduce its international obligations.Economic nationalism has also been promoted in international trade,which has led to the retrogression of globalization.