A Study On The Causes And Policies Of Low Fertility Intention Of Women Of Childbearing Age

Although the birth policy was gradually liberalized,with the decline of birth accumulation effect,the national birth population rose to 17.86 million from 2016,and then began to decline.Wenzhou people who are known for their daring,fighting and giving birth in Zhejiang Province,have gradually declined their fertility rate in recent years.A real problem lies in front of us,Women of childbearing age have a low willingness to bear children.This paper starts from the birth status quo and the historical evolution of birth policy in Wenzhou.In the process of combing the current situation of Wenzhou's fertility and welfare policies,we can find that maternity leave policy,maternity allowance,childcare system,employment protection and other policies are all available.However,after the questionnaire of childbearing willingness of women of right age,the data of statistical analysis shows another side--the current welfare policies lack of periodic consideration of maternity allowance and maternity leave too short time,lack of public kindergartens,inadequate employment protection and other issues.Through the systematic exploration of the reasons for the low fertility willingness of women under the current fertility policy environment,in the process of interviewing some of the respondents,the high cost of living,high maintenance costs,the conflict between parenting and career and other practical problems all stimulate the nerves of these women of childbearing age.Facing the reality of helplessness,women of childbearing age and the families behind can only choose.How to make use of welfare policies to improve women's childbearing willingness? This paper based on the theory of five stages of population transformation,the theory of rational choice of marginal children and the theory of planned behavior,and based on the problems reflected in the questionnaire and the policy deficiencies found in face-to-face interviews,puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions to improve women's childbearing willingness: abandon the concept of population burden,We will increase the publicity of childbearing and child care,guarantee basic education,establish a sound system of childcare and compulsory education,increase tax regulation,do a good job in family protection,improve the welfare system of maternity leave,moderately extend the maternity leave for men and women,and formulate policies to encourage childbearing housing,so as to make the security housing more favorable to families with more children.Population problem is a long-term and overall problem,and because of this,the effect of policy implementation also needs a process to show,which requires us to plan for population problem in advance,so as to avoid falling into a situation of heavy burden.