Discourse Politics Of Habermas

As one of the most important contemporary thinkers in the new century,Habermas' studies at home and abroad are mostly confined to his critical theory in the early years,the theory of communicative rationality in the middle period,and the theory of cosmopolitanism in the late years.There is a lack of profound interpretation and interpretation of his critical discourse political theory.Moreover,due to the rise and popularity of “deliberative democracy” theory and empirical research in China for more than ten years,many researchers classify Habermas as a general deliberative democracy theorist,which is misleading.The research of this paper is based on the crisis of late capitalist modernity revealed by Habermas,especially the crisis of political identity transferred due to the economic crisis.Habermas gradually gave up the crisis theory that he had learned from Marxist theory since the 1980 s and turned to explore the tension between the so-called reality and effectiveness from the political system of the late capitalist countries.Importantly,he thought that it was the main legal and political dilemma of western countries.In addition,due to the tension between contemporary western democratic politics and pluralistic society,the task of social integration is increasingly important and difficult.Habermas put forward his own solution on the basis of his discourse theory.Although the discourse theory was first applied to the legalization of ethical negotiation,as Chambers said,this theory is actually more applicable to the political and legal fields.In short,Habermas' s discourse democracy is an ideal plan for the democratic political crisis in western countries,especially for the crisis of political and legal legalization,although Habermas has gradually changed from the original critical position to the reformist position.Habermas' s discourse democracy program has certain radicality,so it is criticized with the tendency of utopianism.The important point or innovation of this paper is to demonstrate the reality of Habermas' theory of discourse democracy from the perspective of Habermas' discussion.In order to better implement his original theory of discourse democracy,Habermas made a lot of concessions in the demonstration of practice orientation,for example,he basically reserved the western democratic political system(parliamentary democracy,representative system,voting system,competitive party system),just tried to improve it comprehensively with discourse democracy practice,so as to make use of the living world,especially in In the public domain,the “public opinion” that achieves understanding and temporary consensus through the practice of discourse democracy exerts potential political influence on the administrative power system,and thus realizes the reauthorization of administrative power by the communicative power through the practice of discourse democracy.Administrative power,as the main component of the system,still bears the functions of decision-making and execution,but it must It is based on the public opinion formed in the practice of discourse democracy.Habermas vividly sums up the extensive penetration and profound influence of public opinion on the executive power and its implementation with the metaphor of “besieging the castle”,which is based on the logic of complex interaction among the living world,system and law.