An Analysis Of The Historical Inevitability And Contingency Of The Bankruptcy Of The Second International

From the late 1890 s to the early 1920 s,the Second International was established and began to actively play their role.In this historical period,Capitalism changed from free competition gradation to monopoly gradation,and continued to develop and be matured.Its specific performance is as follows: Economically,capitalist productivity developed rapidly and monopoly structure was formed.Politically,capitalist democracy was further improved and bourgeois rule was gradually strengthened.In terms of social structure,the classes of European countries have undergone drastic changes,and at the same time,there exists the phenomena of differentiation and integration.Diplomatically,the embryonic forms of modern national state and international pattern were gradually established,etc..All these phenomena posed new challenges to the international communist movement and the classical critical theory of Marxism.The Second International took over the historical baton of the First International,helped the proletariat in all countries to establish their political parties,explored the path of parliamentary struggle,which strengthened the international communist movement,and further developed Marxism.On the other hand,the Second International was also deeply affected by changes of the capitalist era.There were many differences and contradictions in organizational operation,inter-party communication and revolutionary path.It finally collapsed when facing the crisis of the WWI.The leftists,represented by the Bolshevik party in Russia,and the centrists and the rightists,represented by the Social Democratic Party in Western Europe,took different attitudes toward the Basel Declaration and leaded the path of socialist evolution to different historical directions,thus dividing the international communist movement.This paper startes from researching the Basel Declaration,the last general assembly resolution of Second International,and investigates the changes of monopoly capitalism which faced by Second International.Then,this paper analyzes the reason why the Basel Declaration cannot be implemented,exposes the historical inevitability and contingency of the bankruptcy of the Second International.On the basis of affirming its historical achievements,this paper also points out the difficulties and limitations of the Second International in dealing with the new changes of capitalism,in order to further improve the research on the Second International.