Research On The Geography Of Traditional Villages In Hunan Province

With the rapid development of industrialization,the traditional villages,which contain rich material and non material culture,have attracted more and more attention.The traditional village geography is the study of the traditional villages published by the state frorm the whole to the local and from the macro to the microcosmic.The number of traditional villages in Hunan is increasing gradually,and the degree of the emphasis on villages is also increasing.The research on the geography of traditional villages in Hunan is not only an in-depth exploration of the relationship between the rural people and the land,but also the protection of village cultural heritage.Based on literature review,field survey,map drawing,regional.analysis and summarization,this paper makes a geographic research on the distribution,site selection,form,architecture and hollowing of traditional villages in Hunan Province,so as to understand further the development of villages.Based on 257 traditional villages in Hunan Province,using Google rmap latitude and longitude,altitude positioning and intermal data of the "traditional village management system",combined with CAD,Photoshop and Arcgis technology,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Hunan traditional villages showed an phenomenon of uneven distribution.In term of time,the formation time of traditional villages was mainly in the Ming Dynasty,mostly concentrated in and before theYuan Dynasty,Ming and Qing Dynasty;while the villages formed in the formation of the Republic of China and the later on were few;in term of the space,the villages are more in the west than in the east and are more in the south than in the north.The distribution of villages is concentrated in the region 200-500 meters above sea level,villages mostly concentrated in the mountainous and hilly plain,but relatively less in the plain.(2)The location selection of traditional villages in Hunan is based on the four principles of safety oriented,geomantic theory,convenient living and beautiful environment.It is also influenced by migration,the village development and etcetera.The safety refers to the remote mountainous areas and the natural environment to avoid the war;geomantic theory refers to the principles of selecting village location based on the hill and river,facing south,moderation and adoption of life principle;life convenience refers to the connection of traffic,obtaining the building materials and the surrounding villages;a beautiful environment includes the requirements of the water and air quality of the surrounding vegetation.(3)The plane forms of the traditional villages in Hunan contains a group,a strip,a spot,a ladder and a pictograph.Among them,Xiangxi is affected by natural environment,economy and transportation factors.The villages fonns are mainly striped,punctuated and stepped.But the form of villages is mainly the shape of mass.(4)Hunan traditional village architectural styles are divided into the stilt building,hall type building,the back of the shop before the lbuilding and courtyard building.The architectural style and the regional distribution is not completely overlap;dry field distribution is mainly in the areas of thewest and middle of Hunan,;the hall is located in the areas of the north,south and middle of Hunan;the back of the shop before the building is concentrated in northern and eastern regions of Hunan,the courtyard is located in Xiangxi region.The regional architectural styles are different because of the geographical environment,cultural and aesthetic factors.(5)The hollowing phenomenon of the population in the traditional villages of Hunan is obvious.The hollow degree of Xiangxi is deep.Analyzing the the reasons of the hollowing traditional villages from the aspects of the topography,ethnic,economy and industry,presenting the severe area population hollowing phenomenon in mountainous and hilly areas,ethnic distribution,underdeveloped areas,and the area mainly occupied by the first industrial.