The Cause Analysis And Countermeasure Exploration Of "Premature Senility" Of China's Excellent Track And Field Athletes

Over the past years,there have been numerous outstanding young athletes in China's track and field history,but the excellent adult athletes in this field are still scarce,which is a strange paradox in China.The causes of this contradiction and its countermeasures should be the focus of the scholars in the field for future.Therefore,based on previous studies,the essay included classification and analysis of age characteristics of top ten athletes from more than twenty sports project in China and international community before 30 th,December,2017 through literature research method,documentation,mathematical statistics and comparative analysis approach.The age of those who achieved international level for the first time,stood out with best performance in athlete career,retired age and the best competing period have been sorted out and processed in this essay.According to sports event features,we have divided track and field into four subclasses as speed,speed and strength,stamina and comprehensive events,analyzed age characteristics of athletes from different event groups and come to conclusions as below,(1)Athletic ages of excellent track and field athletes in China and any other countries have shown certain group event features.(2)Excellent Chinese athletes in track and field area have been found to display the so-called " two-earlier and one-shorter" phenomena,which are the earlier age of best-performance athletes in individual record,the earlier retired age and relatively shorter timeframe of the best competing status.(3)Excellent track and field athletes in the world retire at about 32 years old and tend to maintain the best competing status at around 10-11 years or more,while in China,they drop out of the field at 25-26 with 5-6 years shorter than their counterparts from other countries in terms of athletic status on the arena,displaying a phenomenon of severe " athletic premature".(4)Dominant factors effecting excellent track and field athletes in China are athletic training,humanistic sociology and genetics.Whereas such major factors as athletic training injuries,athletic material selection,rationality of sensitive physical training period,solid fundamental training,competition frequency are included in athletic training;as for humanistic sociology,training mode,training system,competing mechanism and the level of coach's basic professional knowledge,athletes' artistic appreciation and mentality,employment placement,public opinion and personal life;differences in racial physical forms,physiological condition and geography constitute genetic factors.(5)In view of above mentioned influential elements of the length of athletic career,the author has summarized seven strategies which are conducive to prolonging sports life for Chinese athletes,and can be elaborated as following,(1)strengthen feedback of teenagers' physical condition(2)emphasize the grasp of basic training(3)clarify the idea of specialization at an early stage so as to improve the training quality and scientific guidance.(4)clear the core idea of coaching and enhance instructors' theoretical knowledge and creativity(5)deepen systematic reform of track and field event and boost further development in athletics.(6)secure social welfare and insurance for athletes to resolve their concerns in this aspect.