Study On The Influence Of College Enrollment Expansion On The Income Distribution Difference Of Urban Residents

Since the implementation of the policy of reform and opening up,China's economy has witnessed rapid growth in the world.But with the rapid economic growth,some problems have gradually begun to highlight,among which the most social and academic concern is that the income distribution gap began to show an expanding trend.This problem will not only adversely affect the further development of China's economy,but also affect social stability.Scholars have conducted a thorough study of various factors affecting income distribution,and a widely accepted view is that education has an important influence on income distribution.Furthermore,higher education has the most direct influence on labor income and the highest rate of return on education at all levels of education.The development of higher education in China has undergone a major change,that is,the enrollment expansion policy implemented in 1999.After the implementation of the policy of enrollment expansion,the scale of higher education in China has been rapidly improved in a short period of time,and the opportunities for residents to receive higher education have also increased rapidly.Intuitively,the enrollment expansion policy has enabled more residents to receive higher education,and the belief that higher education has been popular has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.To a certain extent,it increases the accumulation of human capital and improves the accumulation of individual human capital.To some extent,it will alleviate the income distribution difference.The existing literature has been paying attention to this problem,but more directly to the expansion policy as a dummy variable to study,ignoring the policy itself influence on different characteristics of income groups,and the lack of considering the influence mechanism of the policy.From these two perspectives,this paper first studies the specific impact of the policy of enrollment expansion on the income distribution differences of urban residents,and the influence of different income groups on the differentiation.Secondly,this paper studies the ways of enrollment expansion of colleges and universities to influence the urban residents.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:First,college enrollment policy has played a certain role in narrowing the income difference of urban residents,this effect is mainly reflected in the enrollment policy reduces college students graduation population and senior high school students' income gap.Specifically,the role of policy is to narrow the income gap between college graduates and high school graduates,especially narrowing the income gap between college graduates and high school graduates.For college graduates who receive undergraduate education,the enrollment expansion policy does not significantly reduce the difference in income distribution between them and senior high school graduates.Second,the policy of university enrollment expansion has different influence on the population of different income sub loci.With the gradual increase in income quartiles,college enrollment policy to alleviate the income distribution differences between "inverted U",and in the expansion policy of the lowest income and highest income quantile quantile groups appeared no significant effect.This means that the policy of enrollment expansion mainly affects the middle income group,and has less influence on the lowest income group and the most high-end income group.The "inverted U" relationship among middle income groups means that the role of the policy of enrollment expansion has a great relationship with individual income characteristics.Third,the policy of enrollment expansion of colleges and universities affects theincome distribution of urban residents through two levels: macro and micro.On the macro level,the implementation of college enrollment expansion policy has promoted the development of urbanization,which will alleviate the differences of income distribution among urban residents to some extent.On the micro level,the policy of enrollment expansion in Colleges and universities has significantly increased the opportunities for residents,especially the middle and low-income groups to receive higher education;at the same time,it has narrowed the difference in the rate of return on education between high income and low income groups.