Study On The Income Difference Between Urban And Rural Areas From The Influence Of College Expansion Plan In China

This paper analyzes some important assumptions through income effects on college enrollment,the use of CHIP data(China household income survey)double difference measurement of relative wage changes before and after the college enrollment of city and rural higher education and rural high school students' income differences,so as to verify the implementation of the policy of income gap between urban and rural areas have speed up the reduction effect,and high degree of labor income advantage also accelerated reduction,this phenomenon is more obvious in rural areas.This paper first puts forward the core issues of the article,and expounds the significance,methods,basic structure and main contents of the research,as well as the innovation and deficiency of the research.Then the related literature at home and abroad for college enrollment is reviewed,the literature can be divided into four aspects: the context of expansion of China income difference,college enrollment policy for the individual rate of return to education,the influence of college enrollment policy for rural population Enrollment Decision and the influence of the heterogeneity of college enrollment policy.Related research abroad is closely related to the phased economic reality of college enrollment expansion.In recent 30 years,relative demand for college students' labor force has increased rapidly,and relevant theoretical and empirical explanations are more abundant.The domestic research mainly focuses on the introduction and empirical research of human capital theory,the two aspects of the test of the rate of return to education and the overeducation.Based on the content extracted from the literature review,this paper continues to explain the difficulties and targets of the employment market faced by China's college enrollment expansion policy,and analyzes the internal change factors and the influencing mechanism.After the Asian financial crisis and facing the crucial moment of the reform of state-owned enterprises,Chinese college enrollment intention is short-term to stimulate consumer demand,alleviate the employment pressure,students can reduce long-term academic pressure,promote quality education,improve the quality of individual labor,on the other hand,but also to meet the huge demand of residents to invest in education the implementation of the policy,the more smoothly.The direct result of the sudden increase in the labor force of college students is that the relative supply of the labor force of college students is increasing,and the problem of employment is more serious.Through the in-depth understanding of the policy of expanding enrollment,we can conclude the concrete influence mode of the policy of expanding enrollment on the income gap.The policy of expanding enrolment is to increase the opportunities for different groups,especially the rural groups,to enter the University.On the one hand,the expansion of university enrollment actually reduces the threshold of the rural community to go to university.This makes the expansion of higher education not only bring the continuous expansion of College Students' scale,but also increase the proportion of rural student groups in the total number of college students.Increase the chance to enter the university students from rural areas and the proportion of rural residents,effectively improve the overall level of education,increase the accumulation of human capital,labor productivity increased correspondingly,the result is also enhanced the ability of educated labor force from rural areas to obtain the corresponding reward,the income level will increase,which will to a certain extent reduced the rural and city residents' income gap.On the other hand,enrollment expansion not only increases the opportunities for rural communities to go to universities,but also increases their opportunities for senior high schools,which will make the income discrepancy of different academic degrees in rural areas and cities vary in varying degrees.In addition,due to the innate difference of resources between urban and rural areas,urban and rural areas are facing the same policy.There will be different changes in their income differences between different groups.In order to verify these hypotheses,we will affect the college enrollment policy is regarded as a natural experiment,the applicable conditions of enrollment policy are explained using differential DID model,on the choice of control variables were analyzed and selected,and to distinguish between the experiment group and the control group were given in detail,quantitative analysis according to the enrollment policy before and after the city area,rural labor income differences in different degree,and joined the regional unit characteristic variables,income differences on college enrollment and examination.The test results show that: compared with the expansion before enrollment,China's higher education income advantage is accelerating and shrinking,and the reaction is more intense in rural areas.The income advantage of urban high school students is also accelerating.The test results show that the expansion of College Students' labor income growth rate is far less than the non college labor income growth rate,relative wage labor and non labor university students has been declining,and the college enrollment policy has a significant incentive effect on the human capital of the rural population increase,reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas.This paper according to the final results are summarized.First,college enrollment will be through the scale effect makes the relative wages of highly educated workforce decreased gradually;second,college enrollment policy is affected by the differences of industrial development between regions is obvious,need to pay attention in the next step in the policy;third,enrollment policy for improving the low degree of rural labor force the income of the area has obvious effect,especially to encourage rural school-age population to enter high school,so as to improve the overall level of human capital in rural areas,narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.Accordingly,the corresponding policy adjustment suggestions are put forward.We should continue to increase educational support in rural areas to meet the educational investment needs in rural areas,accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure,and cooperate with the expansion of enrollment policy to meet the demand changes.