A Historical Study On The Development Of The In-service Training Of American Primary And Secondary School Teachers

The development process of American primary and secondary school teachers'in-service training starts from germination to rise and development then to maturity and reform.This process is accompanied by the improvement of teachers' social status and the enhancement of the degree of attention of teachers' continuing education.Before the middle of the 19th century,because the profession of teachers was generally low,teachers' education was regarded as dispensable,and the in-service training of teachers was even less important.Therefore,it is far from comparable with the in-service teacher training education today.From the middle of the 19th century to the before of World War ?,there were organized in-service teacher training activities.For example,evening classes,workshops,summer classes,etc.,but due to the rise of in-service training of primary and secondary school teachers during this period,although it has attracted the attention of some teachers,it has not yet been popularized,and the proportion of teachers participating in the training is still relatively small.Even so,the in-service training of American primary and secondary school teachers has been paid more attention in this stage.The training content is no longer random guidance,but has a certain system,and is gradually moving towards regularization.After the World War ?,the contents of the training courses are more systematic and higher than those of the previous stage,the government has also introduced a number of regulations to support the development of in-service training for primary and secondary school teachers.Especially since the 1980s,the in-service training of American primary and secondary school teachers has undergone fundamental changes.On the basis of the traditional training activities,there have been some innovative training models that are worth learning.Nowadays,a multi-level and comprehensive training system of American primary and secondary school teachers has been formed,which has the following characteristics:First,diverse training objectives.Those who have improved their academic qualifications,improved their teaching skills,and improved their professional development level,especially the new teacher training goals that are proposed in the new round of education reform to improve student achievement are the ultimate goals.Second,multiple training model.There are traditional teacher seminars,summer classes,professional development schools that emphasize cooperation between universities and primary and secondary schools,and professional learning communities that emphasize collaboration between teachers,as well as various online trainings that utilize network resources.Third,rich training courses.The content of in-service training for America primary and secondary school teachers is very abundant,including professional knowledge,information technology,classroom management,special student teaching and so on.Fourth,comprehensive training support.The in-service training activities for American primary and secondary school teachers are supported by all aspects of the country.From the federal government to the state and local levels,they all provide legal protection and financial support.Social groups and teacher associations and school leaders also gave strong support.The above content has effectively stimulated the enthusiasm of primary and secondary school teachers to participate in training and has made training activities achieved good results.