The Social Value Orientation Of Students In The Period Of Compulsory Education

At present,our country is in the important period of social transformation,people's values become more and more diverse and complex,and the State attaches more and more importance to the guidance,cultivation and practice of values.In the past,most of the researches on the values in China were mainly aimed at the students above the high school stage or adult citizens,and it was one of the important characteristics to find the degree of individualism increasing.In view of the formation of individual values is a continuous process,and there are less research on the values of the impact of empirical research,this study focused on the social value orientation(SVO)of students in primary and middle school and its influential factors.Based on the existing research,this study defines the social value orientation as an individual's preference in the distribution of benefits to oneself and others,which is divided into four types of altruistic orientation,pro-social orientation,individualism orientation and competitive orientation.According to the social value orientation scale designed by Murphy,and the theory of the influential factors of values formation,this paper,based on the characteristics of students' development in compulsory education,compiles a questionnaire to explore the social value orientation and its influencing factors.This study selected 9 schools in Shanghai,Hangzhou,Hefei,four to nine grade students as the object of investigation,recovered 1013 valid questionnaires,and analyzed the data by independent sample t test,correlation analysis,difference analyses and multi-layer linear regression analysis and other methods.The survey found that:(1)In the compulsory education stage,the students mainly take the prosocial orientation and individualism orientation,less competition orientation and altruistic orientation.There is no obvious gender difference.However,in grade variables,before six grade,the pro-social orientation of the students was increased with the grade,the individualism orientation decreased with the grade;after six grade,and the prosocial orientation of the students decreased with grade,and the individualistic orientation increased with the grade rising.Among them,students in six grade have the highest prosocial orientation,the lowest individualism,while students ' pro-social orientation is much lower than that of individualistic orientation in the nine grade.(2)At the family level,whether the student is the only child and the parents ' educational level have no obvious influence on the students ' social value orientation.(3)At school level,the teacher's concern,class size,the generation mode of class cadres,school atmosphere,community service activities and the frequency of collective activities are the variables that have linear correlation with students' angle of social value orientation.Other factors,whether the class cadres,class friends number,group discussion frequency,the school's favorite degree have certain influence on the social value orientation of students in compulsory education stage.Students' satisfaction to their achievements has no obvious influence on their social value orientation.Comparing the results of this study with those of previous studies,we can find that : The trend of students' social value in the period of compulsory education is worrying with the change of grade.The pressure of junior high school students may lead to the increase of individualism and competitive orientation.Relaxed school atmosphere is more likely to stimulate students' positive emotions,to promote students to treat others in a more loving and tolerant manner.Community service activities can eliminate prejudice by increasing students' communication and interaction with others,to improve their social responsibility.Competitive collective activities between classes and grades may encourage students' individualism and competitive orientation.The teacher's concern and the positive interaction with the students cause students feel their importance and respected,to promote the cooperation and altruism of students.The democratic class management is beneficial to the improvement of students' social level.Group discussion may promote the development of students' cooperative consciousness and promote their prosocial level.More closely contact with the class,more frequent interaction,may promote the student to be more tolerant.The class cadre's position may develop the student's social responsibility and so on.On the basis of these analyses,according to the characteristics and problems of the social value orientation of the students in China's compulsory education,this study suggests that schools should create a relatively relaxed atmosphere,appropriately increase the organization of community service activities,reduce the competition class or grade activities,and increase the collective activities of help each other class grade,set up peer intervention courses and so on.Teachers should increase their concern for students in class life,adopt democratic management,increase group discussion in classroom teaching and pay attention to the actual participation of each student,especially those students with withdrawn personality.