The Relationship Of The Physical Fitness Level And The "Dose-effect" Of Cognitive Ability In Preschool Children

Purposes:Exploring the relationship between physical fitness and cognitive ability of preschool children provides a reference for promoting the development of preschool children's cognition.Methods:In this study,preschool children were selected as subjects to study 306 preschool children(176 boys and 130 girls,with an average age of 57.4 months)in Shanghai for physical fitness and cognitive ability tests.Physical fitness tests include body shape(height,weight)and physical fitness(10 meters round-trip,standing long jump,tennis throwing away,continuous jumping,sitting forward flexing,balance beam),according to the National Fitness Measurement Standards Manual The evaluation criteria for(Children's Part)are to score the test scores of male and female students respectively and calculate the total score of physical health.The Cognitive Ability Test used the Urban Edition of the China-Wei's Child Intelligence Scale(C-WYCSI)to assess subjects,including verbal IQ,operational IQ,and full scale IQ.The data of the subjects were grouped by gender,and the scores of physical health scores were divided into four groups by four equal divisions.The relationship between physical health scores and cognitive ability was calculated by logistic regression and linear test.A stratified analysis was used to further examine the relationship between physical fitness scores and cognitive abilities in each subgroup.Finally,a two-part linear regression model was used to investigate whether there is a nonlinear relationship between physical fitness scores and cognitive ability.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 and EmpowerStats software based on R language,and P<0.05 was set to have a significant level.Results:The study found that after adjusting for gender,age,BMI,parental highest education,parental marital status,total family income and physical activity level of the subjects,the lowest score of physical health score was taken as the reference,and the verbal IQ of the highest group with the highest physical health score.The IQ of the operational IQ and the full scale were 3.55 points higher(95%Cl=1.78-5.32),3.76 points(95%CI=2.03-5.50),and 11.91 points(95%CI=6.93-16.89),respectively.At the same time,for every 1 point increase in physical fitness score,the total IQ,operational IQ and full scale IQ increased by 0.33 points(95%CI=0.20-0.46),0.35 points(95%CI=0.22-0.48)and 1.11 points(95).%CI=0.75-1.48).Moreover,this significant positive correlation is not affected by gender(male,female),age(4 years old,5 years old)and body type(normal,overweight/obese).In addition,the results of this study also found that there is a curve between the boy's physical fitness score and cognitive ability.When the physical fitness score is<30 points,for every 1 point increase in the constitutional score,the full scale IQ score is increased by 2 points(95%CI).=1.40-2.61);There was no statistically significant difference in physical fitness scores and cognitive ability when the physical fitness score was>30(?=-1.68,95%Cl=-4.15-0.78).Conclusions:There is a significant positive“dose-effect" relationship between preschool children's physical fitness scores and cognitive ability.And in boys,in order to have a good cognitive level,it is recommended that the boy's best physical fitness score is 30 points.