Ownership Sectors And Gender Discrimination

Gender income gap is one of the many manifestations of residents' income gap,and gender discrimination is the main source of gender income gap.At the same time as the rapid economic development of our country,the gender equality and freedom have not been fully realized with the improvement of China's production efficiency.The gender income gap and the income stratum have gradually expanded and solidified.At the same time,there are significant differences between the state-owned and non-state-owned sectors in terms of labor regulations,income distribution methods,and employee promotion space.Does gender discrimination also show different development trajectories due to differences in department ownership? To explore the impact of gender discrimination on gender income disparities in different ownership sectors,and to break the barriers to labor mobility due to gender factors,and to benefit the fairness of the entire society as soon as possible.Based on the above problems,this article conducts research from the following steps:First,it clarifies the trends in gender income disparity and gender discrimination.Using the CHNS data from 1989 to 2011,gender-income ratios were used to measure gender-based income disparities between men and women in different ownership systems.It was found that the gender-to-income ratio in the state-owned sector continued to shrink over time,while the non-state-owned sector showed an evolutionary track that narrowed first and then expanded over time.The ratio of gender-based income in the state-owned sector began to rise above the non-state sector after 2000.The use of gender discrimination coefficients to further explore gender discrimination in the two sectors shows that the level of gender discrimination in the state-owned sector was always higher than that in the non-state sector and accompanied by a slight tendency to worsen before 1997,and the degree of gender discrimination in the non-state sector showed improvement.After the deterioration of the situation.The gap between the two sectors began to reverse after 1997.The rising sex discrimination coefficient in the non-state sector and the declining state-owned sector caused the degree of gender discrimination in the non-state sector to be more serious than that of the state-owned sector.Second,the main influencing factors of wage income are summarized,and the proportion of gender discrimination in the gender income gap in different ownershipsystems is quantified.Based on the Mincer's yield equation model,empirical results show that gender factors can significantly increase the wage income of male laborers.Academic qualifications,experience,and urban household registration also positively contribute to wage income.Among them,the promotion of education is over time.Further enhancements,experience,and promotion of urban household registration are gradually weakening.On this basis,using the Oaxaca-eye mask dissection method,it can be found that the endowment effect in the non-state-owned sector's gender wage income gap can be explained partly higher than that in the state-owned sector,indicating that the state-owned sector has more serious hidden discrimination than the non-state sector.Third,clarifying the active degree of male and female labor income mobility in different ownership systems using the income transfer matrix as a research tool to examine the income mobility of the labor force under ownership and gender division,and finding income flows between the two sectors of the male and female labor force between 1989 and 2011.The sex is very active,and the activity increases with the increase of the income class.The study period is shortened and divided into1989-1991 and 2009-2011 years.It is found that the female labor force in the non-state sector,the income stratum of the non-state-owned and the male labor force in the state-owned sector force has a solid trend,and this trend is more evident in the low-income class.The solidification trend of the liquidity of female labor force in the state-owned sector was found in the entire income class.The Shorrocks Index fell from 0.81 in 1989 to 1991 to 0.63 in 2009-11.Finally,based on the conclusions of the study,in order to further promote the effective reduction of the gender income gap and promote the faster realization of income distribution fairness,this article improves the laws and regulations of the labor market,promotes the level of women's human capital of non-state-owned,and state-owned sectors provide equal opportunities for gender equality,Three aspects put forward relevant policy recommendations.