The Role Of Three Components Of Proprioception In Relatively Slow And Rapid Movements

Background and objective: Movements are divided into slow and rapid movements according to motor control theory,where slow movement is controlled by the closed-loop system and fast movement is controlled by the open-loop system.Sensory feedback is vitally important in slow movements,but its role in rapid movements has not come to an agreement.As an important source of sensory information,proprioception contains a wide variety of components,and it has been assumed to provide an important contribution to motor control.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the different functions of different substances of proprioception acuity about elbow and wrist on slow and rapid arm movements.Methods: Experiment 1: Sense of position and force on elbow and wrist were measured by joint position reproduction and weight discrimination capability test respectively,and all subjects performed throwing tasks under two different speeds.Experiment 2: Participants administered joint position reproduction tests and force reproduction tests at elbow and wrist followed by throwing tasks under two different durations.The assessment of slow and rapid movement was the same as experiment 1.Experiment 3: Sense of velocity was measured by replicating movement velocity.The performance of slow and rapid movements were also measured.Results: Experiment 1: Position sense of elbow and wrist were significantly correlated with E and VE of slow arm movement(Ps<0.01),while position sense was only significantly correlated with E of rapid arm movement(Ps<0.05).Force sense was not significantly correlated with performance of neither slow nor rapid movement(Ps>0.05).Experiment 2: We found moderate positive correlations between slow movement performance and proprioceptive acuity with FS(wrist)and JPS(elbow)accounted for 52% of the absolute errors(AE)(P=0.000),and FS(wrist)explained 50% of its variable error(VE)(P=0.000).Moreover,a correlation between rapid movement performance and proprioceptive acuity was observed,with JPS(elbow)accounted for17% of AE(P=0.008)and 11% of VE(P=0.033).Experiment 3: Sense of velocity was not significantly correlated with performance of slow movement(Ps>0.05),sense of velocity on the wrist was significantly correlated with AE of rapid movement.Conclusions:(1)Proprioception plays an important role in slow movement,which is controlled by closed-loop.Proprioception plays a partial role in rapid movement,which is controlled by motor program.(2)Relatively slow movement performance is partly determined by performers' position sense acuity of the movement-related limbs,whereas relatively rapid movement performance is also affected by correctional feedback from position sense.(3)The role of weight discrimination capability in throwing task remains unclear.Force reproducing ability is important in slow and rapid movements.(4)The sense of velocity on the wrist is important in the accuracy of rapid movement.