Research On Family Members'Employment Decision-making Behavior And Its Regional Differences In China

As the smallest economic unit of society,the family constitutes the micro basis of social production,and family division of labor has a profound influence on social stability and the development of national economy.With the development of market economy,the continuous improvement of female status and the unceasing change of family concept,the traditional pattern of division of labor,which is based on gender,has been changed from "male to male"for a long time.The model of "female master" developed to the model of dual-worker family in 1990s' undefineds,and then to the mode of coexistence of diversified division of labor.At the same time,with the increasing shadow price of child care,elderly care and house cleaning,the instability of marriage contract relationship is becoming more and more serious,and the dependence and restriction of family members'undefined employment choice are deepening.Therefore,in view of the joint endogeneity of employment decision-making between husband and wife,in order to explore the decision-making mechanism of family division of labor in our country and reveal the strategic interaction effect of husband and wife in the process of family division,This article uses the game theory thought to carry on the theory analysis and the demonstration research.Firstly,this paper constructs a personal utility function which includes personal characteristics,family characteristics,social characteristics,spouse employment choices and exogenous shocks by combing relevant employment theories and literature.Secondly,under the assumption of different husband and wife division of labor(equal self-interest,husband dominated and wife-led)and the order of action,Based on the microcosmic data of China Comprehensive Social Survey(CGSS),several kinds of non-cooperative discrete game models(Nash equilibrium,Stackelberg equilibrium led by husband and Stackelberg equilibrium model led by wife)are established.Then,the utility function of husband and wife is sorted by using the theory of utility,the principle of sexual preference and the hypothesis of rational person,and the probability distribution of three game equilibrium is obtained.Finally,the decision-making mechanism of Chinese family division is estimated by constructing sample likelihood function.The main findings are as follows:(1)the influence of age on the employment of husband and wife shows the characteristic of "inverted U-shaped" curve basically,but because of social responsibility and gender difference of retirement age,the characteristic of inverted U-shaped curve of wife is more obvious;(2)The wage rate has a significant positive promoting effect on people's undefineds employment tendency,which indicates that labor price is still an important factor affecting labor supply;(3)The number of minor children significantly encouraged the husband to choose employment,and significantly restricted the wife to participate in the social division of labor;(4)the improvement of economic development level can create more employment demand and promote the participation of husband and wife in employment;(5)The employment choice of spouse has both positive and negative "hitchhiking" effect,but on the whole,the incentive effect is greater than "hitchhiking" effect.In addition,based on the above research,this paper provides some decision-making references for improving family welfare and social stability.