A Study On Instructional Design To Foster Primary School Students' Computational Thinking

With the advent of the digital age,computational thinking(CT)will become a basic skill for everyone,like reading,writing and arithmetic.Therefore,the author tries to take the cultivation of CT as the learning goal,and to design the teaching oriented to the cultivation of CT with programming language as the carrier,in order to promote the improvement of learners'level of CT.In this study,the current situation of CT are first carried out.Based on the literature review,it is decided to take the School-based course Scratch Creative programming as an example.The six skills defined in the operation of CT are taken as the goal of the cultivation of CT,that is,Formulating problems,analyzing data,representing data,designing algorithms,evaluating the best and migrating solutions;Then,the learning goals of the primary school stage were designed according to the sequence of information processing analysis,prerequisite analysis,and writing specific learning goals.And design the evaluation mechanism of thinking cultivation based on learning goal.Then,the teaching model of training computational thinking is designed,which includes six teaching links:creating situation&thinking with doubt,decomposing action&constructing model drawing flowchart,building-running,sharing-evaluating,summing up-popularizing.And combined with the specific teaching content to design the teaching program.Finally,the teaching experiment is carried out to verify the feasibility of the teaching design scheme.Based on the above research,we puts forward several suggestions:The principles of instructional design include:(1)design the teaching goal of strengthening thinking ability;(2)creating computable situations and real tasks close to the students'life world;(3)designing creative or generative learning results;(4)Design a learning scaffold with hierarchical progression.In terms of teaching implementation strategies:(1)adopting the"abstract construction-automation'"problem to solve the problem.(2)using data to drive their own teaching and promote students'leaming;(3)Teachers and students cooperate and exchange,share resources and ideas,and seek solutions to problems.