Research On Small Group Behaviors In Stadium Based On The Social Force Model

Stadium,as a major gathering place,is easy to occur the stampede accident.That has seriously endangered the people's lives and property.And there often exists small groups in stadium,it will have a great influence on the overall evacuation.Therefore,this thesis focuses on small group behaviors in stadium and the influence to the evacuation process.Firstly,we analyze the characteristics of small group behaviors,and divide the small groups into small group with leader,small group with a randomly assigned leader and small group without leader three categories,and build the small group behavior decision-making framework based on the social force model respectively.We also simulate the process of pedestrian evacuation and the small group behaviors in a single-exit room,such as convergence,wait and return.Secondly,in view of the actual sports stadiums with multi-exits,we analyze the factors that affected individual exit selection and build the individual exit-selection model.Then we establish the model of small group members determining the target location of next step.We also simulate the process of pedestrian evacuation and the small group behaviors in a actual stadium with 6 exits.Through the different time of evacuation situation and the simulation data,we can summarize the small group behaviors characteristics and the influence to the evacuation process.Finally,considering the panic situation,we analyze the characteristics of people in panic state.We define the panic degree to describe individual psychological panic degree quantitatively,and establish the formula between the individual desired speed and panic degree.Combining the small groups behaviors decision-making framework,we establish the small group behavior model under panic state.Through the different time of evacuation situation and the simulation data,we can summarize the influence of panic to the evacuation process.The pedestrian evacuation simulation platform is based on Microsoft Visual Studio software.The simulation results show that the proposed modeling framework and methods are feasible,which can reproduce and explain the real pedestrian evacuation process in stadium.What's more,through different time of evacuation situation and simulation data under different situation,we can find that small group behaviors and panic state will reduce the evacuation efficiency to some extent.