Study On HPS Contents In High School Chemistry Textbooks Of Chinese And American

HPS is the English abbreviations of History,Philosophy and Sociology of Science.HPS education aims to integrate history,philosophy,and sociology of science into science education,promote students’ understanding of the nature of science and improve their scientific literacy.Since 1980 s,the combination of science and humanities education has gradually become the trend of global education reform.HPS education has been a hot issue in international science education since the introduction of HPS education in developed countries led by the United States.In the context of science education for the public,HPS education has become an effective way to improve citizens’ literacy and understand the nature of science.Based on the national condition,China should integrate HPS education into curricula,textbooks and teaching to promote citizens’ understanding of the nature of science and enhance scientific literacy by using the advanced educational experience of other countries for reference.Based on domestic and foreign literature research,this study initially explores the integration of HPS education in textbook and HPS teaching status in China.Based on the literature research of HPS statistical framework,the HPS content research tool and comparison dimension are initially formed.Taking the same knowledge content module as a unit,encode statistics and analyse HPS content in Chinese and American curriculum standards and high school chemistry textbooks.According to HPS categories,analyze the description and requirements of HPS content in Chinese and American curriculum standards and explore the characteristics and differences of HPS content in chemistry textbooks of high schools.In order to further understand the use of HPS content in textbooks and classroom teaching,design questionnaire and interview on HPS teaching status to know the awareness of HPS content of teachers and students and provide reference for the construction of textbooks and classroom teaching.Based on HPS content catalogue,encode and qualitative analyze the curriculum standards of Chinese and American,discover:the American scientific education standard sets out the relevant chapters to specify the educational requirements of HPS content and different educational requirements for different age groups,and presents HPS items in a balanced way.The Chinese curriculum standard(2017 edition)incorporates HPS content in modules such as curriculum concepts and mainly embodies the items of "history of science","nature of scientific inquiry" and "influence of science on society",but it lacks some items.Based on the analysing of HPS content through Chinese and American curriculum standards,encode the theme module of "Redox reaction","Periodic table(law)","Electrochemistry","Atomic structure","Hydrocarbons and their derivatives" and "Basic nutrients" of textbooks,the following conclusions were reached:(1)The chemistry textbooks of American basically cover all subcategories,but there are differences in the number and dimension of HPS content reflected: American textbooks mainly focus on the main categories of "Science history" and "Science’s influence on society".The Chinese version mainly focuses on the presentation of "The nature of scientific inquiry" and "The impact of science on society".(2)From the presentation of textbook,the PEP is mainly presented through the text and columns,American mostly presents HPS content in text and charts.Analysis from content,the PEP narrative concisely with short length,the American is rich in content and graph,and the the column theme is novel.(3)The personal education version has a high degree of consistency with the new curriculum standard for the presentation of HPS content,but lacks the content of the HPS subcategories reflected in some new curriculum standards.Based on the literature research and the comparative analysis of chemistry textbooks in high school,a questionnaire on the status of HPS teaching in high schools was designed.The survey indicate that:(1)Most of teachers are willing to introduce HPS content in classroom teaching and agree with its positive impact on students.However,many teachers are not familiar with HPS educational concepts and contents and lack the understanding of them.(2)The greatest difficulty for teachers to carry out HPS teaching is the lack of school-related resources and the limited knowledge and ability about HPS teaching.(3)Network and multimedia resources are the main channels for teachers to obtain HPS information.The channels for obtaining resources are narrow.(4)Lack the evaluation of HPS cognitive level dimension in students’ academic analysis.(5)Most teachers are mainly involved in the content of science sociology,followed by the history of science,less mention the philosophy of science in classroom teaching.(6)Most teachers expand the content according to the content of the textbook and mainly take the way of reading before and after class,discuss the contents of science sociology and science history in the classroom.The philosophy of science is mainly penetrated by the way of science history.Based on the comparative study of textbooks and the survey of HPS teaching status,it shows that HPS education has achieved initial result,but remains some problems.Ther efore,put forward some suggestions about the development of curriculum standards and t extbooks:(1)Curriculum Standards:present the explanations of HPS content explicitly,and add the part of the categories such as "Developmental" content appropriately.(2)Textbook:a ppropriately add HPS content such as "Ideological culture" and "Scientific community",manify the essence of science,add relevant research results of domestic chemists,set subje ct fusion content,select representative illustrations,add HPS theme columns.According to the research of HPS teaching,some suggestions are put forward:(1)School: strengthen te achers’ training and learning of HPS teaching,form the material base of HPS teaching,widen the access to HPS content for teachers,improve the evaluation system of teachers.(2)Teachers: pay attention to the HPS teaching,introduce "HPS Content" from form to th e connotation,lay stress on the system design of HPS teaching.Due to the limitation of time and the energy and ability of the researcher,there are still some shortcomings in this study.The research on HPS education needs to be further developed and improved in the future.