Research On The Influence Of Fertility Level Change On Female Labor Participation Status

After the reform and opening up,with the stricter family planning policy,China's fertility level has rapidly decreased and has been stable at a low level for a long time.Ample labor supply and a younger demographic structure have enabled our country to harvest large demographic dividends.The level of economic and social development has increased rapidly.However,the population development situation has changed in recent years.The acceleration of the population aging process and the decline in the size of the working-age population have raised concerns about the labor market.In addition,China's birth policy has been continuously adjusted.Changes in fertility levels will have a major impact on population and labor conditions,especially on women's labor supply.Therefore,this article looks at the impact of changes in fertility levels on women's labor participation.This paper summarizes the fertility level and female labor participation in China,based on the theory that fertility level changes affect women's labor supply,and empirically tests the impact of changes in fertility levels on women's labor participation.Based on the population age prediction model,this paper further measures the impact of future fertility changes on female labor participation rate.This paper mainly draws the following conclusions:First,the influence of the number of children on the labor participation of married women is mainly represented by the “U” type nonlinear relationship,which is first dominated by the substitution effect and then converted into the income effect.In terms of urban and rural areas,the turning point of urban married women from the substitution effect to the income effect is earlier than that of rural married women,which is more sensitive to the economic pressure brought about by birth.Second,the higher the fertility level,the greater the scale of women's exit from the labor market.Affected by the release of fertility accumulation,women's withdrawal from the labor market in 2016-2020 is relatively large.In 2016,women were the largest in the labor market because of the birth of two children.Since then,the overall trend has shown a downward trend.the increase of fertility in the future will aggravate the decline in the total labor participation rate of women in China,but the impact is limited and has little impact on the labor market.The above studies show that in the context of the current adjustment of the birth policy,the improvement of fertility levels will inevitably have a direct negative impact on women's labor participation.Therefore,helping women maintain work-family balance is a problem that must be addressed and considered at present.We should further improve the current comprehensive two-child policy,strengthen the protection of women's employment rights and reproductive rights,build a child-friendly society,and increase women's flexible employment and promote the healthy development of the labor market.