Analysis Of Factors Affecting Female Labor Participation Rate In Countries Along "the Belt And Road Initiative"

The supply of labor and the abundance of human capital will have an important impact on a country's economy.The labor participation rate is an important factor in determining the short-term labor supply situation of a country,and will directly affect the country's labor market conditions.From the experience point of view,the male labor participation rate of each country is not much different,and the influencing factors are also the same;the female labor participation rate shows a big difference and is affected by different factors.Therefore,the changes in women's labor participation rate and its influencing factors have received wider attention from society.Most of the countries along the “Belt and Road” belong to developing countries,and their social customs are different.The specific development roads and development stages are quite different,resulting in large differences in female labor participation rates.The theme of the “Belt and Road Initiative” is to interconnect and improve the degree of comprehensive opening up of countries along the route.It is a very interesting question to study how the differences in economic openness and how changes affect women's labor participation rate.In this paper,while summarizing the previous research results,based on the panel data of 64 countries along the “Belt and Road” in 1990-2017,the influencing factors of female labor participation rate were investigated by combining theoretical and empirical analysis.The tool variables are constructed based on geographical features and natural factors,and the endogeneity problems of variables existing in the previous models are solved.The empirical results show that the female labor participation rate and per capita GDP in the countries along the line show a U-shaped curve.In the initial stage of economic development,the female labor participation rate decreases with the improvement of economic development level.As the economy develops to a higher stage,The women labor participation rate has increased with the improvement of economic development level;the economic opening is positively related to the female labor participation rate.For every 1% increase in economic openness,the overall female labor participation rate in the countries along the route will increase by 3.32%.At the same time,the impact of urbanization level,industrial structure,female life expectancy,total fertility rate,education equality between men and women,social customs and social security levels on women's labor participation rate in countries along the line cannot be ignored.At the end of this paper,reasonable opinions and suggestions are put forward to policy makers.To increase the female labor participation rate of countries along the line,we must vigorously promote economic opening,taking into account economic development,and also take into account the factors of women's own,family and society to promote the increase of women's labor participation rate.On the one hand,we must vigorously develop education,improve women's education and human capital accumulation,actively advocate women's equal employment,and improve their competitive position in the labor market by improving women's own capabilities.On the other hand,it is necessary to provide strong support for women's participation in labor from the family structure,and constantly build and improve the early childhood education mechanism and pension mechanism in various countries.This will not only eliminate the worries of children's participation in labor,but also affect children and the elderly.Education and support are properly handled.