The Impact Of Public Services On The Willingness Of Floating Population To Stay

Since the reform and opening,the allocation of resources has gradually become marketized,and the free flow of labor is an important way for the market to allocate resources.China's floating population is very large.In 2014,the floating population reached 253 million,accounting for 18.49% of the national total.However,it has continued to decline since 2014.By the end of 2016,the national floating population has dropped to 245 million.It is said that the floating population has chosen to settle,that is,to stay in a certain place for a long time,but what factors prompt them to choose to stay in a certain place is the focus of our attention.In this context,how to retain talents is also a concern of talent agencies and employers in every city.The problem of population mobility involves two stages.In the past,the literature mostly studied the reasons why the population flowed into one area,and less discussed the willingness to choose long-term residence after the population inflow,especially in the role of public services.The innovation is also here.After the migrants enter the immigration area for a period of time,they feel the difference of public services,and how they will affect their long-term residence decision,the empirical research on the role of different types of public services at this stage is almost no.Combine theoretical analysis with empirical analysis on research methods,summarize the existing research results,construct a theoretical analysis framework for the impact of public services on the willingness to stay,and then monitor the national mobile population dynamic monitoring data and local statistical yearbooks.The data is matched and processed to form our research sample.Correlation analysis is carried out on the influence of personal characteristics,family characteristics and urban characteristics on the willingness to stay.Finally,the logit model is used to analyze the impact of public service on the willingness to stay.The paper focuses on four types of public services: education,medical care,culture and transportation.The study finds that all kinds of public services have a positive impact on the choice of the floating population,the role of medical services is the strongest.In addition to good public service can directly improve the utility level of individuals,there are also unequal public service in regions and between regions,and the threshold for household registration may reduce personal utility.In the public services covered in this paper,the positive effects of education,medical care and culture on the promotion of migrants' choice of residence are more significant,while traffic is less effective.The household registration system discriminates against the access of the floating population to public services,so that the floating population does not have access to equal public services,instead reducing their willingness to stay.Due to the differences in the level of public service supply in the cities of different regions and different population sizes,the impact of different types of public services on the willingness of migrants to stay are different.Education,medical and cultural services in the eastern region have a clear positive effect on the retention of migrants,while the western region is unable to retain the floating population for a long time due to the overall weakening of education and medical services.At the same time,due to the influx of large numbers of floating population in large cities,the shortage of resources such as public services has arisen.In addition,due to the heterogeneity of the population,different types of floating population have different needs for various types of public services,which affects the types of migrants who choose to stay in cities with different levels of public services,education and medical care are clearly more attractive to people who have received higher education.According to the research results of this paper,some policy recommendations on government public finance expenditure selection and public service equalization can be given.In order to attract talents,the government can provide more high-quality public services of people's livelihood.It is necessary to eliminate various thresholds such as household registration,control the size of the urban population,and reduce the differences in access to public services for different groups of people.