Research On Labor Abundance Conditions And Manufacturing Transformation And Upgrading

The manufacturing industry is the foundation of the country,the instrument of rejuvenating the country,and the foundation of a strong country.It plays a pivotal role in China's economic development and social construction.In 2015,China put forward the strategic goal of “Made in China 2025”,aiming to improve the level of intelligence and high-end manufacturing,enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of manufacturing and avoid falling into the "Middle income trap".The proposal of "Made in China 2025" puts forward new and higher requirements for the development of the manufacturing industry.It is urgent to require the manufacturing industry to accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading,accelerate the transformation of driving factors,and give full play to the important role of capital and technology elements in enhancing the competitive advantage of manufacturing,thereby enhancing the innovation capacity of the manufacturing industry,to seize the commanding heights of global competition.Reviewing the development history of China's manufacturing industry,the labor force is the basic production factor,which plays an important role in the initial stage of the manufacturing industry and the rapid development period,forming a labor-dependent model for manufacturing development.Because of the obvious advantages of labor quantity and price,the growth mode that relies mainly on labor input can support the rapid growth of manufacturing and even China's economy.However,until now,the manufacturing industry in some areas of China has formed an inertia that relies excessively on labor input.This development trend has formed a “Crowding out Effect” on factors such as capital and technology,affecting the improvement of total factor productivity of the manufacturing industry and the transformation and upgrading.This article is taking this development fact as the starting point.Based on the comparative advantage,this paper analyzes how the manufacturing industry can achieve transformation and upgrading in China's labor-rich provinces,and how to make the abundant labor force once again play the “Helping Power” for the upgrading and development of the manufacturing industry.Firstly,based on the definition of factor abundance in the theory of factor endowment in the theory of comparative advantage,this paper screens out the provinces with abundant labor in China with the help of capital labor ratio data.Secondly,it analyzes the basic development status of labor-intensive manufacturing in China's labor-rich provinces,and studies the changes in the demand for labor factors in the development of labor-intensive manufacturing industries.Again,use the DEA-Malmquist index method to analyze the technical efficiency,factor redundancy and total factor productivity of labor-intensive manufacturing industries in laborrich provinces.Finally,through the time series regression model,the factors affecting the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry in labor-rich provinces are analyzed,and the enlightenment to the development path of manufacturing industry is obtained.Through the research of this paper,the following conclusions are drawn:First,the low-cost labor force has an impact on the manufacturing efficiency of the manufacturing industry mainly through the crowding out effect and substitution effect of capital and technology,and the low wage level of the labor force is not conducive to the realization of the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.Second,through the comparison of the capital-labor ratios of the provinces,Gansu,Guangxi,Henan,Hunan,Jiangxi,Shanxi,and Sichuan are labor-rich provinces.Due to the abundant supply of labor resources and low prices in these provinces,the number of labor forces in labor-intensive manufacturing is showing an upward trend.Third,the technical efficiency level of the labor-intensive manufacturing industries is low,and the technical efficiency is not effective,and there is a big gap between the technical efficiency of the provinces.The pure technical efficiency is less than the scale efficiency,indicating that the technology is backward and the resource allocation efficiency is low.The labor factor redundancy rate is greater than the capital factor redundancy rate,indicating that the labor factor's input redundancy is deeper,which restricts the improvement of technical efficiency level.Fourth,the total factor productivity of labor-intensive manufacturing in all provinces showed a downward trend.This is mainly due to the decline in pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency.The change of total factor productivity is basically related to the negative correlation between the number of labor force employees,indicating that the increase in the use of labor in labor-intensive manufacturing is not conducive to the improvement of total factor productivity and the realization of transformation and upgrading.Fifth,there is a significant positive correlation between capital labor ratio,government intervention and total factor productivity of labor-intensive manufacturing industry.It has a strong explanatory power for the change of total factor productivity.There is a significant negative correlation between labor quality,urbanization rate and total factor productivity.Based on the above conclusions,this paper will propose the enlightenment of the development path of the manufacturing industry from the following aspects: First,adapt to the development trend of urbanization and accelerate the dynamic transformation of regional comparative advantages.Second,improve the professionalization skills of labor force and strengthen the reserve of high-quality labor.The third is to continue to give full play to the important role of the government in the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry.The fourth is to appropriately raise the wage level of the manufacturing labor force.