Research On The Influence Of Fertility Decision On The Old-age Wealth Of Female Workers With Higher Education

China's fertility policy has undergone two major adjustments in a row,but women of childbearing age have not responded positively to the national policy's call to have two children.Despite the high cost of raising children,women,society and scholars are paying more and more attention to the time value and opportunity cost of female childbearing.With the continuous improvement of female education,women pay more and more attention to their career development and the realization of self-worth,especially the women with higher education degree.Although they have relatively more reproductive autonomy,they also have to face multiple pressures from family and society.At the same time,after the release of the two-child policy,the phenomenon of the employing units not willing to hire female workers has an upward trend,giving women the pressure to "do not want to have a baby" in the invisible.Under the background of population aging and 421 family structure becoming more and more common,the future women need to rely more on their accumulated wealth to provide for the aged.It is in line with the realistic background to discuss the influence of fertility on the future old-age wealth of the female workers with higher education.By constructing the life-long net present value(LNPV)model of old-age wealth,this paper sets up nine representative female workers with high education,specifically including bachelor degree,masterundefineds degree,doctorundefineds degree retiring at 50 years old,undergraduate degree,masterundefineds degree,doctorundefineds degree retiring at 55 years old,and undergraduate degree,masterundefineds degree,doctorundefineds degree retiring at 60 years old.The group simulated the influence of different childbearing number(0,1,2)and different childbearing time on the pension wealth of female workers with high education degree,and made a comparative analysis among different educational background and different retirement age.The following four conclusions are obtained by numerical simulation: First,fertility will have a negative impact on the endowment wealth of highly educated female workers,and with the increase of the number of children,the marginal cost of the second child is higher than the marginal cost of one child.Highly educated female workersundefined unions tend to choose fewer children or even no children.Second,delaying the birth of one child or increasing the interval between two children will reduce the lifetime net present value of pension wealth of high-educated female workers.Highly educated women trade unions tend to have one child as soon as possible or shorten the interval between two children.The third is that the net present value of the old-age wealth and the marginal cost of one child,two children and two children increase with the improvement of education.The fourth is that the net present value of pension wealth of female workers with high education will increase with the increase of retirement age,and the marginal cost of one child,two children and two children will decrease with the increase of retirement age.Raising the retirement age can alleviate the negative effect of fertility on the endowment wealth of female workers with higher education.Based on this,from the four levels of government,enterprises,families and individuals,this paper proposes that we should perfect the maternity insurance system and pass on the "birth cost",make pension subsidies driven by capital and economy,and gradually adjust the retirement system,in order to protect high-educated female workers reproductive independence,equal employment and pension rights and interests.