The Design And Development Of Educational Game To Develop Pupils' Proportional Reasoning Ability

China has always attached great importance to the cultivation of primary school students' mathematics ability.In the primary school mathematics curriculum standards,it is explicitly proposed to cultivate the basic math ability of primary school students,including abstract generalization ability,spatial imagination ability,reasoning ability,operation solving ability,application ability,etc.Mathematical reasoning ability is the basic ability to resolve mathematical questions,and it is a very important and basic ability in primary school mathematics.Proportional reasoning ability is the most basic and widely used in mathematical reasoning ability.Proportion is a very important concept in elementary school mathematics learning.The development of proportional reasoning ability is very important for students' problem-solving ability and thinking development.In future mathematics learning,knowledge of equations,geometry,calculus,etc.contains proportional reasoning.In addition,proportional reasoning also involves many fields such as architecture,engineering,fine arts,physics,chemistry,and medicine.Therefore,it is very important and necessary to lay a good foundation and pay attention to the development of proportional reasoning ability at the elementary school level.However,in the traditional proportional reasoning teaching,there are problems such as the lack of prominent student status,teaching activities deviating from the students' actual life,and lack of interest.In recent years,educational games have successfully attracted many young players with their moving storylines,rich interactions,and virtual reality situations,making learning fun.By creating a virtual problem situation in the game,students can have an immersive feeling during the game,which can connect learning with life and promote the application of knowledge in life.In addition,the rich interactions,challenges,and feedback in games encourage students to explore and learn independently in the game environment,highlighting the students' dominant position.Therefore,under the guidance of theoretical foundations such as cognitive development stage theory,situational learning theory,and intrinsic motivation theory,this research uses Unity3 D as a game development tool to design and develop an educational game "Small Shopkeeper" that develops the proportional reasoning ability of primary school students.This research adopts research methods such as literature analysis,design research,experiment,etc.,and relevant research work is carried out in accordance with the research ideas of "document review and theoretical research-game design-game development-game application".The following will summarize the research content and results.(1)Literature review and theoretical research.Through the reading and analysis of a large number of literatures,this research deeply understands the predecessors' research in the field of proportional reasoning and math game,and then raises research questions.In addition,relevant concepts such as ratio and proportional reasoning ability are clearly defined,and related guiding theories are explained in detail.(2)Design of proportional reasoning educational game.This part includes the overall framework design of the game,gamification teaching design,game element design,and game main body design.First of all,the feasibility and functional requirements of the game are analyzed.Based on this,combined with the relevant theories of game design,this study proposes an overall design framework for games,and points out the teaching design elements,game elements,etc.Secondly,the teaching design is elaborated in detail,including learner analysis,learning content analysis,learning objective analysis,proportional reasoning problem and situation design,etc.Thirdly,the goals,situations,challenges,feedback,and adaptability of the game supporting proportional reasoning instructional design are described.Finally,the game main body such as situational tasks,interaction mechanisms,feedback and reward mechanisms,level construction,and adaptive level push were designed in detail.(3)Development of proportional reasoning educational games.Based on the requirements analysis and game design,this research builds a game development framework and divides the game into different functional modules.Based on the development framework,the overall function of the game is gradually realized.First,the database in the game was built,and then the design of resources such as pictures was realized using tools such as Photoshop.Finally,the game was developed through the Unity3 D game engine and C # programming language.(4)Application of proportional reasoning educational games.This study conducted an educational experiment in the sixth grade to explore the effect of the game "Little Shopkeeper" on students' proportional reasoning ability,and further explored the reasons for promoting learning performance in games.The results show that games do improve the proportional reasoning ability of sixth-graders,and that game performance,game investment,and design features in games promote learning effects.This study analyzes the application effects of the game and makes suggestions for improving the game.Under the guidance of related research and theory,this research has realized the development of the "Little Shopkeeper" game,creatively applied educational games to the sixth grade primary school's proportional reasoning learning,and proved that games can develop the primary reasoning ability of primary school students.However,due to the limited research time and the individual ability of the researchers,there are still some deficiencies in this research.In future research,we will make up for insufficient research results.