The Analysis Of Probability And Statistical Content In Senior High School And Its Teaching Enlightenment

In 2017,the Ministry of Education officially promulgated the< mathematics curriculum standard for senior high school>,which includes data analysis into the core literacy of mathematics,and takes probability and statistics as the four main lines of mathematics,which are always worn in compulsory,selective compulsory and elective courses,highlighting the status of probability statistics content in the new curriculum reform;in 2019,there are changes in the stability of mathematics test questions in the college entrance examination,among which The 21 st question of Science in Volume I of the whole country is a probability and statistics test,which breaks the routine of taking derivative as the final test;the old teaching materials of the new curriculum standard are not unified,which makes the college entrance examination in2019 not completely consistent with the new curriculum standard,and many front-line teachers do not understand the content of the new curriculum standard;in June 2019,the people's Education Press published the first and second compulsory volumes of senior high school mathematics in version a of new teaching,and in the autumn of 2019 It is expected to be put into use in some areas.Therefore,through the analysis of the test questions,curriculum standards and teaching materials of probability and statistics college entrance examination,we can get the enlightenment for teaching.Based on the Enlightenment of teaching,we can give the key points of teaching design and teaching design cases,which will provide valuable reference for teachers in probability and statistics subject teaching in the future.Selection of research content: This paper analyzes the probability and statistics content of senior high school through literature research,statistical analysis and comparative research,taking 13 sets of probability and statistics questions of national college entrance examination papers in 2019,probability andstatistics topics of compulsory and selective compulsory of 2017 general senior high school new curriculum standard,probability and statistics chapters of compulsory Volume II of the 2019 new person teaches A textbook a as samples.First of all,the paper analyzes the outer and inner factors of 13 sets of national college entrance examination papers of mathematics in 2019.with the help of EXCLE statistical analysis of the data.The study found that the surface factors: the probability and statistics questions in the structure of the questions mainly took the form of two objective questions and one subjective question,with a large proportion of the score.In terms of the examination contents,the key contents of statistics are statistical charts and sample estimation of the population,the key contents of probability are random events and probability,the calculation of classical probability,random variables and their distribution columns,and the key contents of permutation and combination are binomial theorem.Inner factors: Based on the difficulty model of Wu Xiaopeng and Zhang Yi,the complex symbolic operation of "whether or not there are parameters" and "ability of operation" is deleted,and the difficulty of the test is analyzed by means of the modified difficulty model.Beijing science test paper,Tianjin liberal arts test paper,national I paper science test paper three test papers probability and statistical test overall difficulty is higher.Secondly,the paper analyzes the probability and statistical content of the 2017 new curriculum standard and the 2019 people's education a textbook,and finds that the 2017 new curriculum standard has the following characteristics:(1)in terms of content arrangement,statistics constructs a complete data analysis process,with random events and random variables as the two main lines of probability;(2)in terms of cognitive level,refer to the newly revised bloom cognitive goal classification standard The new curriculum standard not only pays attention to students' grasp of basic concepts,but also pays more attention to students' flexible use of knowledge;(3)in the aspect of comparison between the newcurriculum standard and the old curriculum standard,the new curriculum standard increases more and decreases less in content,improves the academic requirements of probability and statistical knowledge,and reduces the academic requirements of arranging and combining knowledge.The second volume of probability and statistics required in the 2019 new people teaches A textbook has the following characteristics:(1)the whole process of probability research path and data analysis is constructed according to the subject category in chapter arrangement;(2)the relationship between knowledge and life is strengthened with life situation as the main and scientific situation as the auxiliary in situation selection;(3)the two forms of problem driven and task driven are adopted in the compilation mode In terms of content characteristics,it strengthens the connection between probability and statistics,pays more attention to the interpretation of results,and clarifies the application of information technology in probability and statistics teaching and learning.Furthermore,based on the analysis of the higher examination questions,the new curriculum standards and the new teaching materials,the teaching enlightenment is obtained :(1)to build the knowledge system and highlight the systematic teaching.Through the overall grasp of the construction of knowledge system,teachers break through the difficult points to strengthen the comprehensive consciousness to highlight the teaching system;(2)strengthen the problem orientation and attach importance to the inquiry-based teaching.To strengthen the inquiry-based nature of teaching from the two aspects of question guidance to promote self-construction and question skills to stimulate students' thinking;(3)develop basic abilities and improve the effectiveness of teaching.This paper mainly focuses on the cultivation of mathematics reading ability by thinking and strengthening the foundation of knowledge application ability to improve the effectiveness of teaching.(4)to implement the core quality and practice the humanity of teaching.By creating the situation to improve the mathematical modeling literacy,thesoftware to implement the data analysis literacy to reflect the human nature of teaching.Finally,based on the Enlightenment of teaching,the teaching design points of probability and statistics and the teaching design case of "overall percentile estimation" are given to provide reference for teachers' teaching.