The Multidimensional Measurement And Spatial-Temporal Characteristics Of The Country Urbanization In China

The traditional measure of urbanization rate mostly uses single index of resident population,which fails to fully and truly reflect the development status of urbanization in China.Based on this,the paper takes 2851 counties as samples,using the registered population,land use remote sensing image and the night light remote sensing image to calculate the population urbanization rate,land urbanization rate and the economic urbanization rate of Chinese countries from 1995 to 2015.At the same time,the country is divided into four economic sectors: east,northeast,central and west,and eight economic regions in northeast China,north China coast,east China coast,south China coast,middle reaches of the Yellow River,middle reaches of the Yangtze river,northwest China and southwest China to analyze the difference of each urbanization rate in different administrative units and different regions.On this basis,the three urbanization rates of population,land,and economy are weighted by 1/3,and a comprehensive urbanization index is constructed after addition.At the same time,a comparative test is conducted with the urbanization rate of resident population,so as to measure the real urbanization rate of counties in China more comprehensively and objectively.In addition,the 2015 comprehensive urbanization rate of China is regressed by Administrative attributes(that is,whether it is a virtual variable of an urban agglomeration,provincial capital,municipal district,and the interaction of the three)and geographical attribute indexes to explore its impact on urbanization.Through calculation and analysis,the conclusions are as follows:(1)Population urbanization presents a "herringbone" pattern composed of high-value areas in the northern border region and high-value areas in the eastern coastal region,which is further strengthened over time.The average urbanization rate of 2,851 counties increased from 27.49% in 1995 to 38.62% in 2015,with an average annual growth rate of 1.71%.At the same time,the gap between municipal districts--non-municipal districts,provincial capitals--non-provincial capitals,and urban agglomerations--non-urban agglomerations gradually widens.However,the gap among the four economic sectors and the eight economic regions has narrowed over time.(2)Land urbanization shows a pattern of "higher in the south and lower in the north".Compared with the east-west difference,the north-south difference is more obvious.The four regions in the north are all lower than the national average,while the four regions in the south are all higher than the national average.The average of 2,851 counties increased from 34.46% in 1995 to 50.37% in 2015,with an average annual growth rate of 2.63%.At the same time,the gap between municipal districts--non-municipal districts,provincial capitals--non-provincial capitals,and urban agglomerations--non-urban agglomerations gradually decreases,but the gap among the four economic sectors and the eight economic regions increases with time.(3)Economic urbanization presents a pattern of "high in the east and low in the west-high in the north and low in the south".The average of 2,851 counties increased from 31.22% in 1995 to 46.68% in 2015,with an average annual growth rate of 3.10%.At the same time,the gap between municipal districts--non-municipal districts,provincial capitals--non-provincial capitals,urban agglomerations--non-urban agglomerations is gradually widening,and the gap among the four economic sectors and the eight economic regions is also gradually widening with time.(4)The coupling degree of population-land-economy urbanization is higher than 80% in five years,but the coordination degree is less than 60%,which indicates that high coupling and low coordination is a major feature of China's urbanization process.The number of land expansion county and economic country are huge,while the population of expansive area county are less,which indicates a problem that three urbanizations are not harmonious,and land expansion mainly distributed in the south,the economic country is located in the central region and the eastern coastal,population remains concentrated in the west and northwest inland border areas;(5)Comprehensive urbanization presents a pattern of "high in the east and low in the west,high in the south and low in the north",and the east-west differences are distributed according to Hu‘s line.The average of 2,851 counties' comprehensive urbanization rate increased from 31.06% in 1995 to 45.23% in 2015,with an average annual growth rate of 2.67%.At the same time,the gap between municipal districts--non-municipal districts,provincial capitals--non-provincial capitals,urban agglomerations--non-urban agglomerations,and among the four economic sectors and the eight economic regions first increases and then shrinks over time.(6)Compared with the traditional measurement method,the average urbanization rate of resident population in 2000 and 2010 is 37.80% and 46.65% respectively,and the average comprehensive urbanization rate is 33.54% and 41.39% respectively.The average annual growth rates of permanent resident population urbanization rate and comprehensive urbanization rate are 4.03% and 2.80% respectively in the past 10 years,indicating that the urbanization rate of permanent resident population overestimate the urbanization process of regions and counties in China.(7)Municipal districts play the most obvious role in promoting urbanization,followed by provincial capitals,and the city clusters are the weakest.However,further analysis shows that the urbanization level of districts and counties located in urban agglomerations is much higher than that of non-urban agglomerations,indicating that urban agglomeration strategy plays a crucial role in improving the urbanization rate and regional coordinated development,and urban agglomeration strategy should be vigorously implemented in future development.The influence of various indicators of geographical attributes on the comprehensive urbanization rate varies greatly,and the urbanization rate of districts and counties with developed river networks is higher,while the average altitude,topographic undulation degree and the proportion of area greater than 15 degrees are the main geographical factors that restrict the urbanization development of districts and counties in China.