Research On The Impact Of Human Capital Investment Difference On The Income Gap Between Urban And Rural Residents In China

For a long time,the problem of income distribution has been one of the social problems that the international community pays close attention to.With China's economy changing from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage,the rationalization of income distribution has become an inevitable requirement to promote social harmony and stability and meet the growing needs of the people.Since the reform and opening up,with the rapid development of China's economy,the income gap between urban and rural residents has shown a trend of continuous expansion,in which the income gap between urban and rural residents is a prominent problem in the field of income distribution.Due to the typical dual economic structure of urban and rural areas in China,the expansion of human capital investment gap between urban and rural areas is an important factor leading to the continuous expansion of income gap between urban and rural residents.From the perspective of human capital,this paper studies the impact of urban and rural human capital differences on the income gap between urban and rural residents from three aspects of education,health and labor force.Based on the discussion of the research background,significance,theoretical basis and literature review at home and abroad,this paper deeply analyzes the current situation of human capital investmentdifference between urban and rural areas and the income gap between urban and rural residents in China,as well as the impact of human capital investment difference between urban and rural areas on the income gap between urban and rural residents,and gives suggestions on how to narrow the income gap between urban and rural residents.First of all,this paper mainly introduces the research background,research significance,research methods,research framework and the innovation and shortcomings of this paper.Secondly,on the basis of referring to a large number of domestic and foreign related literature,this paper combs the relevant theories of human capital and income distribution.Thirdly,from the three perspectives of education human capital,health human capital and labor mobility human capital,and using quantitative and qualitative analysis methods,this paper not only studies the difference of human capital investment between urban and rural areas in China,the change of income gap between urban and rural residents and its influence mechanism,but also makes use of 31 provinces,cities and autonomous regions in China Based on the statistical data of 2007-2018,panel model,spatial lag model and spatial error model are constructed to study the impact of education investment difference between urban and rural residents,health investment difference between urban and rural residents,and labor flow investment difference between urban and rural residents on the income gap between urban and rural residentsFirst,in the human capital factors,there is a significant positive correlation between the urban and rural education,health,labor mobility investment differences and the income gap between urban and rural residents,that is,the expansion of the urban and rural human capital investment differences will lead to the expansion of the income gap between urban and rural residents.Second,from the eight control variables considered in this paper,the higher the per capita GDP and the higher the bias of fiscal expenditure in cities,the more obvious the income gap between urban and rural residents will be;and the higher the level of urbanization,the higher the degree of economic openness,the more obvious the bias of fixed asset investment in cities and the higher the level of industrialization,the smaller the income gap between urban and rural residents will be.Third,in the spatial measurement part,the spatial lag coefficient and the spatial error autocorrelation coefficient are significantly positive at the level of 1%,which indicates that if the income gap between urban and rural residents in a region expands,the income gap between urban and rural residents in its adjacent areas will also increase.At the same time,compared with the panel model,the influence coefficients of urban-rural per capita education investment ratio,urban-rural per capita health investment ratio and urban-rural per capita labor mobility investment ratio are all improved,which also shows that after the introduction ofspatial factors,the impact of urban-rural human capital investment difference on the income gap between urban and rural residents is higher.Finally,based on the above conclusions,combined with the reality of our country,this paper puts forward relevant suggestions from the perspective of narrowing the gap between urban and rural education,health,labor mobility human capital,in order to reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents,and ultimately promote the healthy development of the national economy.