A Study Of Nonfarm Employment On Vulnerability To Poverty

In March 2020,Xi Jinping mentioned at the conference about decisive battle against poverty that in 2019,there are 27.29 million poor workers working outside,about two-thirds of their income comes from non-farm employment.Under the background of industrialization and urbanization,non-farm employment of rural labor force has become an irreversible trend.In 2020,China will achieve the goal that all the poor people will get rid of poverty under the current standard.The research on the poverty alleviation of farmers in different regions is of great significance for construction of poverty alleviation framework in the post-poverty era.As a key indicator of poverty prevention,poverty vulnerability pays more attention to the welfare of rural population in the future,so it is more forward-looking to use it as a poverty identification indicator.Based on the perspective of poverty vulnerability,this paper takes Shuyang/Lankao/Yanyuan/Ganluo as the research objects to explore the impact of non-farm employment on poverty vulnerability in different regions.Shuyang in Jinagsu province,Lankao in Henan province and Liangshan in Sichuan province represent three representative poverty types: relatively poverty areas,buffer poverty areas and deep poverty areas.This paper tries to achieve the following basic goals: firstly,this paper clarifies the features of poverty vulnerability and sets different poverty lines to tease the poverty vulnerability distribution;secondly,this paper study the relationship between non-farm employment and poverty vulnerability,and investigate the effect of non-farm employment on poverty vulnerability in different regions;thirdly,this paper discusses the effect of non-farm employment on the income growth of farmers at different income levels and puts forward some corresponding suggestions based on the actual situation.Through household investigation and empirical test,the results obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)Based on the comparsion of economic situation and employment policy in different areas,it is concluded that non-farm employment has become the main source of farmers' income and an effective way of poverty reduction.Through the investigat ion of 370 households in sample areas,it is found that compared with households that did not participate in non-farm employment,the income of households that participated in non-farm employment is generally higher.Also,the poverty vulnerability is much lower than who did not participate in non-farm employment.(2)The empirical analysis results show that poverty vulnerability of households who participated in non-farm employment is reduced by 27.4%,29.0% and 29.1% under the poverty line of 4,000 yuan,6,000 yuan and 8,000 yuan respectively.However,under the same poverty line,there are great differences in different areas.Based on the poverty line of 6,000 yuan per year and 1.9 us dollars per day,the vulnerability of the households participating in non-farm employment in the three sample areas has been reduced by 42.3%,30.0%,17.9% and 39.9%,29.8%,17.3% respectively.By using quantile regression model,it is found that the impact of non-farm employment is more obvious for the low-income families.In this paper,the substitution method and the propensity score matching(PSM)method are used to test the conclusions and guarantee the robustness of the result.Based on the research conclusions,this paper believes that in order to prevent farmers returning to poverty and increase farmers' income in the post-poverty era,our country should pay more attention to the non-farm employment and job training.Also,the government should accelerate the process of industrialization in rural areas,as well as strengthening regional cooperation for poverty alleviation and enhancing the sustainability of endogenous power in order to help the poor farmers get rid of poverty.