Comparative Study Of Science Textbooks For Grades 1-2 In Chinese And American Primary Schools And Development Of Teaching Cases

According to the requirements of the 2017 edition of the "Primary School Science Curriculum Standards"(hereinafter referred to as the "New Curriculum Standards"),since September 2017,science classes have been added to grades 1-2 of elementary schools as a basic curriculum.with the release and use of "Science" textbooks for grades 1-2,in order to make the textbook content and teaching design innovate while implementing the new curriculum standards,from the perspective of the new curriculum standard,this paper makes a comparative study on the field of "life science" in the science textbook of grade 1-2(hereinafter referred to as "[Ji Ren edition]")published by Hebei People's Publishing House and the life science of grade 1-2(hereinafter referred to as "[Mike edition]")published by Macmillan company,guided by the main concept of "living different kinds of creatures on the earth" in the curriculum standard,the class hour objectives of grades 1-2,the relevant theoretical basis and the conclusion of the comparative study of Chinese and American textbooks,the innovative teaching case development and practical research are carried out for the first volume of "Understanding Animals" in the first grade of "Ji Ren edition",so as to realize the synchronous promotion of the use and teaching research of the new edition of primary school science textbooks.This study is divided into six parts as follows:The first part is introduction.This paper mainly introduces the background of the research topic,the literature review,the determination of the research objects and research questions,the research methods,the research significance and the innovation.The second part is the theoretical basis of the study.This paper expounds the basic connotation of zone of proximal development theory,situational learning theory and Rousseau's "natural education" theory,and its guiding role in the development of teaching cases.The third part,from the perspective of the 2017 edition of the primary school science curriculum standard,makes a comparative study on the content and presentation of the knowledge in the field of "life science" in grade 1-2 in the textbooks of China and the United States,and puts forward targeted teaching suggestions based on the research conclusions.In the comparative study of science textbooks of [Ji Ren edition] and [Mike edition],it is found that:(1)Knowledge content:(1)The latter is more consistent with the learning objectives under the concept of "living different kinds of creatures on earth" in the new curriculum standard.(2)Both of them use observation method to explore the characteristics of animals and plants,but the latter is more comprehensive and specific.(3)They adopt different ways of content arrangement.The former adopts the thematic arrangement,with strong cohesion within the unit,while the contents between the units are independent of each other;the latter adopts the plate arrangement,with separate contents in the field of "life science" in volumes,with a large amount of knowledge and a "spiral" ascending structure.(2)Presentation method:(1)In terms of language expression,the former examines problems from the perspective of students,which is more in line with the requirements of the new curriculum standard.(2)In terms of column setting,the latter's columns are more diversified,focusing on the integration of subject knowledge and the evaluation of teaching.(3)In terms of illustration setting,both of them meet the requirements of "both illustration and text",but in the latter case,the presentation of illustrations is more clear and rich,and electronic textbooks are developed to enrich the presentation forms of pictures.Textbooks in both countries have their own advantages and disadvantages.Therefore,in the preparation and teaching of textbooks,we should combine the national conditions of our country and the laws of students' physical and mental development to choose the essence of other countries' textbooks.The fourth part is the development of teaching cases.Based on the guidance of the new curriculum standard,theoretical basis and the comparative conclusion of Chinese and American textbooks,this paper develops the teaching case of "Understanding Animals",and puts forward the teaching suggestions:(1)Clear the observation object and target points,clear the division of labor within the group.(2)Set up classroom rules in advance,and manage classroom order through group credit system.(3)You can apply for collective practice activities such as visiting the breeding base to fully implement the objectives of STSE.The fifth part,teaching practice research.Through teaching practice,learning situation interview,test the effectiveness of teaching design,and get the research results: the experimental class is better than the control class in the implementation of the four-dimensional goals and the understanding and application of teaching difficulties.Based on the research results,we propose teaching implementation strategies:(1)Set up rich and interesting activities carefully.(2)Grasp core knowledge and age characteristics,and break through key and difficult points.(3)Increase the content of related subjects.(4)Update classroom teaching resources in a timely manner.(5)Pay attention to the process evaluation of learning.The sixth part,the stage achievement and future prospect of this research.This paper summarizes the research results at this stage and reflects on the shortcomings of the research,and puts forward the direction and future prospects of future research.