The Research On Yunnan Students Studying In Japan During 1902-1911

In the second half of the nineteenth century,Britain and France stepped up their colonial aggression against Yunnan,which objectively promoted the modernization of Yunnan Province,and created favorable condition for Yunnan Province to be able to send foreign students abroad.In 1901,in order to comply with the Qing government's “New Deal”,Yunnan Province began to reform the education and the military system.However,at that time Yunnan Province was still in the initial stage of modernization,and there were few talents who could meet the needs of reform.After the Sino-Japanese War,studying in Japan became increasingly popular.In order to cultivate teachers and military talents needed,Yunnan Province had also begun sending students to Japan.In 1902,Yunnan Province dispatched the first group of government-sponsored students to Japan.Until the Chongjiu Uprising broke out in Yunnan in 1911,Yunnan Province sent at least hundreds of students to Japan.1Based on previous studies,the thesis is roughly divided this mammoth activity in Japan into three stages by analyzing the Government News issued by the Qing Government Supervision of Foreign Students in Japan,the Report of the Qing International Student Association issued by the Qing International Student Association,and the Name List of International Students with Sponsorship of Qing Government.The first phase is from 1902 to 1903.This period was the initial stage for the Yunnan students studying in Japan.The number of foreign students was small,and the students studying in Japan had basically entered various preparatory schools for learning.The second stage is from 1904 to 1906.The activity of studying in Japan had entered its heyday,and a large number of Yunnan students had gathered in Japan,most of whom were students who learn quickly.The third stage is from 1907 to 1911.With the stricter management of foreign students of the Qing government,the expedited studying abroad was cancelled,and the number of foreign students nationwide began to decrease.Yunnan Province was no exception,too.The number of international students had gradually decreased,and the government had begun to actively guide international students to enter various industrial schools for learning.At the same time,compared with students from other provinces,the students from Yunnan were mainly government-funded students.Their tuition fees were mainly derived from the salt tax,local funds of various places,and the balance after the reduction of military expenses in Yunnan.The Government of Yunnan also strictly managed these students studying abroad and the funds for studying abroad.Being enrolled in a school prescribed by the Government could obtain the qualification of official fees which,however,would be canceled for unnecessary absences and further education in professional courses.Under such circumstances,Yunnan students studying aboard in the early days mostly studied normal education and military majors,and later switched to study industrial majors such as railways and mining.After returning to China,these students studying in Japan actively used the knowledge they had learned to play a positive role in modernization of Yunnan Province.The thesis re-examines how this activity of staying in Japan in the late Qing dynasty,which had a huge impact on the modernization of Yunnan Province,occurred and carried out.It is also meant to emphasize that we must not forget those who have made contribution in modernization of Yunnan.