Experimental Research On Training Methods And Means Of Sprinters In The Starting Phase

This article aims at the sprint starting phase,designing training methods and means from a new perspective,and diagnosing and analyzing the relevant indicators of college male sprinters during the starting phase.It attempts to reveal the external performance and internal mechanism of the sprint starting phase,and reasonably arrange special technology and special physical fitness.Training provides scientific guidance for improving the ability of college students' sprinters at the starting stage and thus their sprint results.As a member of the project team of the State Sports General Administration preparing for the 2020 Tokyo Olympics sprint team science and technology research project,I can make full use of advanced equipment and analysis systems to provide sufficient material foundation and theoretical guarantee for this research.Using the literature method,image analysis and three-dimensional stereo camera analysis method,Kistler dynamic starter test method,Optojump digital runway test method,myoelectric test method,experimental method,and mathematical statistics method,12 male college sprinters from the Capital Institute of Physical Education It is divided into an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group uses the method of the starting phase designed by me to conduct combined training,and the control group performs routine training.After 12 weeks of experiments,the athletes' special athletic quality indicators and special technical indicators are then experimentally tested.Come to the following conclusions:1.About specific sports quality indicators: After 12 weeks of training,the experimental group combined training using the new starting stage method and method designed by me.The three groups have significant differences before and after the experiment on 30 meters,standing long jumps,and throwing before kicking,And the results were significantly better than the control group.After routine training in the control group,the specific sports quality indicators have been improved to some extent,but there is no significant difference before and after the experiment.The performance of the experimental group and the control group improved to a certain extent on the front and back throws and the 100-meter special indicators.The improvement of the experimental group was better than the control group,but there was no significant difference.2.About kinematic indicators: After 12 weeks of training,about the perspective of time parameters,the experimental group combined the training with the new starting stage method and method designed by me.In terms of ground contact time and vacant time,the difference was significant before and after the experiment,and the improvement in results was significantly better than that of the control group.After routine training,the control group had no significant difference in the response time and the strength of the footboard,and there weresignificant differences in the single-step length,air time and touchdown time,but the improvement was not as good as the experimental group;Judging from the three steps before the start and the step frequency parameters,the experimental group combined the training with the new starting stage method designed by me.The first three steps and the step frequency were significantly different before and after the experiment,and the results were significantly better than the control.group.After routine training in the control group,the first three step lengths and the cadence index were also significantly different before and after the experiment,but the improvement was not as good as in the experimental group.About the perspective of the starting kick speed and the first three step pace parameters,the experimental group applied itself The designed new starting stage method combined with training,the starting and exiting speed and the first three steps of the pace index before and after the experiment are significantly different,and the results are significantly better than the control group.After routine training in the control group,there was no significant difference in the starting and stepping off speed indicators,and there were significant differences in the first three steps,but the improvement was not as good as the experimental group;About the perspective of the acceleration parameters of the starting run and the 30-meter full-rhythm parameters,the experimental group combined the training with the new starting-stage method designed by me.The increase in the time of the first 10-meter acceleration phase and the30-meter full time was significantly better than that of the control group,maintaining the cadence.In a stable situation,the step length is increased,the percentage of ground contact time is reduced,the percentage of ground clearance time is increased,and the ratio of ground contact to ground clearance is in a benign trend.Not only improves the ability of the first three steps before starting,but also promotes the accelerating connection ability and the full30-meter run.After routine training in the control group,the starting acceleration and the30-meter full-rhythm parameters were increased to some extent,but there was no significant difference before and after the experiment.3.About dynamic indicators: After 12 weeks of training,the experimental group and the control group athletes generally increased their starting force values,strength increase rate,impulse and power indicators,and the experimental group improved slightly better than the control group;After the group used the new starting phase method and method designed by them to combine training,the hind foot dynamics related indexes and horizontal direction dynamics related indexes were significantly different before and after the experiment,and the improvement was significantly better than that of the control group.The control group had no significant difference after routine training.4.Regarding myoelectricity indicators: After 12 weeks of training,the first and secondand third steps of each group of muscles in the experimental group and the control group showed an increase in the integral muscle EMG.Trend,the assisted muscle group integral electromyography increase was not significant or slightly decreased with no significant difference;the experimental group used the new starting phase method and method designed by me to combine training,and the first step of the ground support leg rectus femoris The difference between the integral electromyography of the gluteal muscle and the rectus femoris muscle before and after the experiment was significant,and the integral electromyogram was significantly better than that of the control group.In the second step of the ground contact,the difference between the integral leg electromyography of rectus femoris and rectus abdominis muscle before and after the experiment was significant,and the integral electromyography improvement was significantly better than that of the control group.The third step is the difference between the support leg rectus femoris muscle and the gastrocnemius integral electromyography before and after the experiment,and the integral electromyography increase is significantly better than that of the control group.After the experiment,the athletes responded with good support and extension effects;After 12 weeks of routine training,there was no significant difference in the integral EMG during the first three steps of the ground contact before and after the experiment.