The Study On The Relationship Between Sports Facilities And Physical Activity Among Children And Adolescents

Objective: The physical health of children and adolescents is highly concerned by the government but still worrying.Physical activity is an important factor that affects physical health.However,poor level of sports facilities seriously limited physical activity participation.A prevalence survey of sports facilities and physical activity of children and adolescents was investigated in aspects of gender,districts,and learning levels.The association between sports facilities and physical activity was explored,which made suggestions for sports facilities.Methods: The relationship between sports facilities and physical activity was taken as the research object.The Delphi method,questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics method were used for research.Firstly,the three-round Delphi method was used to determine the index system of sports facilities.Secondly,a segmented method was used to select children in the 3rd grade from elementary school to 3rd grade in Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangzhou as survey objects.A total of 3408 questionnaires were issued.2,515 valid questionnaires(females accounted for 51.07%),effectively replacing 73.7%,with an average age of 13.28 ± 5.01 years.Finally,data analysis and statistical analysis were performed through Excel 2016 and SPSS 25 respectively.Analysis of gender,school segment,and suburban differences in sports facilities and physical activity levels were performed by analysis of variance.Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression were used to investigate the physical facilities and physical activity.relationship.Results:(1)The total score of sports facilities was 62.52 ± 13.18 points,which was at a relatively low level.Among the secondary indicators,the suitability score was the highest(76.15 ± 20.05 points),the aesthetic score was the second(62.64 ± 24.65 points),the availability(55.98 ± 19.45 points),and the accessibility(55.30 ± 21.76 points)scores lowest.The total score of sports facilities and the scores of all secondary indicators are not statistically different in terms of gender,and there are statistical differences in school periods and suburbs.(2)Children and adolescents in Beijing,Shanghai,and Guangzhou participated in moderate to vigorous physical activity per day for 59.4 ± 46.0min,and the proportion of reaching the recommended amount of physical activity was 42.1%.There are statistical differences in gender,school period,and suburbs.Among them,boys(64.3 ± 47.7min)are higher than girls(55.4 ± 44.2min),and urban areas(62.2 ± 45.9min)are higher than suburbs(56.8 ± 46.0min).Physical activity time decreases during the semester.(3)There is a correlation between the overall level of sports facilities and the level of physical activity(r = 0.247,p <0.01).Among the secondary indicators,the level of physical activity of children and adolescents was related to availability(r = 0.235,p <0.01),fitness(r = 0.176,p <0.01),and aesthetics(r = 0.134,p <0.01).Relationship,but not related to reachability.After controlling gender,school period,and suburban areas,sports facilities have a predictive and explanatory effect on the physical activity level of children and adolescents(R~2 = 11.7%),and have a positive effect on boys(R~2 = 8.2%),girls(R~2 = 14.0%),and primary schools(R~2 = 3.4%),junior high school(R~2 = 10.6%),high school(R~2 = 9.3%),urban areas(R~2 = 15.1%),and suburbs(R~2 = 8.9%)all have significant impacts.The availability of secondary indicators(? = 0.156,p <0.01),suitability(? = 0.099,p <0.01),and aesthetics(? = 0.059,p <0.01)have significant effects on the level of physical activity,and can reach Sex does not have a predictive explanation effect.The secondary index has a different predictive effect on physical activity in different genders,school periods,and suburbs.Conclusions:(1)The physical activity levels of children and adolescents in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou are higher than the national average.Nearly 40% of children and adolescents meet the recommended amount of physical activity.Show differences in gender,schooling,and suburbs.The level of sports facilities is low,especially the level of availability and accessibility needs to be improved.There is no gender difference in the level of sports facilities,but there are school differences and suburban differences.Among them,the level of sports facilities gradually decreased with the rise of the school period,and the urban area was higher than the suburbs.(2)In addition to accessibility,availability,suitability,and aesthetics have predictive effects on physical activity,and availability is the most important variable affecting physical activity.In gender,school and suburban areas,sports facilities have significant effects on physical activity levels,but show differences.