| Purposes: This study monitors the physical fitness of children and adolescents in Tibet from 10 to 18 years of age,understands the physical status of children and adolescents in Tibet,and analyzes the physical characteristics of children and adolescents in plateau environments and compares the physical fitness of children and adolescents with different levels of physical activity based on the existing regional characteristics.The physiological mechanisms that affect the physical fitness of children and adolescents in Tibet provide a basis for promoting the health of children and adolescents in the plateau,and then provide a reference for the formulation and implementation of measures to promote the health of children and adolescents in China.Method: In this study,a cluster sampling method was used to randomly sample schools in Chengguan District,where students from all parts of Tibet were gathered,and a total of 1,800 valid samples were finally determined.Of these,1,594 were selected by ordinary schools,and the age range was 10-18 years.A total of 206 Tibetan middle school students were selected from the sports school,ranging in age from 13 to 18.All testers in this study have undergone unified training,and their physical fitness test methods are standardized using the 2014 National Student Physical Fitness and Health Survey Manual.SPSS 23.0 is used to statistically analyze the test results.The significance of all statistical tests is set to P <0.05.Result: 1.Comparison of physical indicators of Tibetan children and adolescents of different ages with the whole country: The growth and development indicators of Tibetan children and adolescents of different ages are lower than the average level of the “Results of the 2014 National Student Physical Health Survey”.At the national average,the diastolic blood pressure is lower than the national average,and the vital capacity is generally lower than the national level.Grip strength,standing long jump,1-min sit-ups(female),seat forward flexion and other quality indicators are lower than the national average.Physical performance is higher than the national average.The detection rate of malnutrition among children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 in general schools is 12.4%,and the detection rates of overweight and obesity are 4.3% and 1.1%,respectively.The detection rate is higher than that of Tibetans,and the obesity rate of Tibetans is higher than that of Hans.2.Comparison of physique of Tibetan children and adolescents of different genders: In terms of body shape,the height,weight and skeletal muscle content of boys are significantly higher than that of girls,and the body fat rate of girls is extremely higher than that of boys(p <0.001).In terms of physical function,systolic blood pressure,vital capacity,and 20-meter reentry run were significantly higher in boys than girls(p <0.001),while girls with quiet heart rate and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher than boys.In terms of physical fitness,boys with upper limb strength,speed,and explosive power were significantly higher than girls(p <0.001),and girls with flexible and balanced abilities were higher than boys;in terms of blood biochemical indicators,the hemoglobin concentration of boys was significantly higher than that of girls(p < 0.001).3.Comparison of Tibetan and Han students: Tibetan children aged 10 to 12 develop earlier,and adolescents aged 13 to 15 grow rapidly.In terms of physical functioning,the quiet heart rate of Tibetan boys is significantly lower than that of Han people;10 to 12 and 13 to 15 year old Tibetan boys have significantly higher systolic blood pressure than Han boys;10 to 12 year old Tibetan girls have significantly higher vital capacity than Han.With the increase of age,the boys' 20-meter return running results show an upward trend.The Tibetan boys' 20-meter return running results in all age groups are significantly higher than that of the Han boys,while the girls' 20-meter return running results show a trend of rising first and then decreasing,10 ~ The 12-year-old Tibetan girl's 20-meter turn-back running performance was significantly better than that of the Han girl.In terms of physical fitness,Tibetan students of all ages performed better in pull-ups and 50 meters than Han students,and 13-15 year old Tibetan boys had significantly better pull-up results than Han boys.16-18 year old Tibetan boys scored significantly higher in the 50-meter race.The Han;and the Tibetan long jump scores are lower than the Hans overall,and the 16-18 year old Han girls' standing long jump scores are significantly better than the Tibetans(p <0.05).In terms of blood biochemical indicators,there was no significant difference in hemoglobin concentrations except for girls aged 16 to 18.The hemoglobin concentrations of Tibetan children and adolescents in other age groups were generally lower than those of the Han.0.05).4.Physical activity of children and adolescents in Tibet: Children and adolescents who meet the recommendations of the World Health Organization should perform at least 60 minutes of moderate and high-intensity physical activity each day,accounting for only 5.3% of the total,of which 6.9% are male and 3.7% female.According to the HBSC evaluation criteria,those who meet the standard of moderate to high-intensity physical activity for 5 minutes to 7 days per week are active,those who do not meet the standard are inactive.The study subjects were divided into three groups,0 days and 1-4.In the days and 5-7 days group,the results showed that the proportion of MVPA reaching the active level(5-7 days)per week for more than 60 minutes was 15.8%.5.Comparison of different levels of physical activity in different age groups: 10 to 12 year old girls who reach the active standard have significantly lower height,weight,skeletal muscle content,hemoglobin concentration and other indicators.Boys with the increase in physical activity level,50 meters The results of running and 20-meter return running were significantly improved(p <0.05).Boys who reach the active standard from 13 to 15 years of age have significantly higher body weight,BMI and skeletal muscle content than boys who do not perform moderate and high-intensity physical activity for 60 minutes a day.Girls with higher levels of activity have better long jump scores than inactive girls(P <0.05).The 16-to 18-year-old boys showed significant improvement in skeletal muscle content,50-meter running,standing long jump,20-meter reentrant running,and pull-up test results(p <0.05).6.Comparison of the physical fitness of students between sports schools and ordinary schools at all ages: Dividing Tibetan students between the ages of 13-18 in Tibetan Autonomous Region and 13-18 students in ordinary schools into two age groups of 13-15 and 16-18 A comparison of all age groups shows that the body fat percentage of students at the age of 13 to 15 is significantly lower than that of ordinary school students,and the content of skeletal muscle of girls at the school is significantly higher.The results of physical index tests such as sitting forward flexion and standing long jump are significant.The performance is better,and the school school girls with closed eyes and one foot stand,50 meters,1-min sit-ups and other test results are significantly better than ordinary school girls;in terms of physical function,systematically trained school students have significantly better cardiopulmonary endurance,physical fitness The hemoglobin concentration of school boys is significantly lower than that of ordinary school students,and the quiet heart rate and blood oxygen saturation of sports girls are significantly lower than those of ordinary schools.A comparison of 16 to 18-year-old sports school and ordinary school students found that the growth and development level of sports school girls was significantly better than that of ordinary school girls,and the body school students had a lower body fat rate and higher skeletal muscle content.The results of flexing and standing long jumps were significantly better.The pull-up scores of boys in sports schools were significantly higher than those of ordinary schools.The grip strength,50 meters,and 1-min sit-ups of sports girls were significantly better.The systolic blood pressure,Diastolic blood pressure is higher,and the quiet heart rate of male students in physical school is significantly higher than that of ordinary school students.The vital capacity of physical school students is significantly higher than that of ordinary school students.It is worth noting that the hemoglobin concentration and blood oxygen saturation of physical school students are significantly lower than those of ordinary school students.Conclusion: 1.The overall physical condition of Tibetan children and adolescents is lower than the national average level of the 2014 National Student Physical Health Survey Results.A comparison between Tibetan and Han people found that Tibetan students had better flexibility,speed and upper limb strength,while Han students had better lower limb strength and balance ability.2.The detection rate of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Tibet is higher than the national average,and the detection rate of overweight and obesity is lower than the national average.3.The proportion of Tibetan children and adolescent boys meeting the active standards is higher than that of girls.Physical activity has a significant impact on the health of children and adolescents.4.Regular sports training in sports schools can significantly improve the physical fitness of young people,especially in physical fitness.In addition,high altitude hypoxia training increased the blood oxygen reserves of Tibetan adolescents. |
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