Theoretical And Empirical Research On The Construction Of Physical Activity Promotion Model Of Chinese Children And Adolescents

Regular Physical Activity(PA)is of great benefit to the healthy growth of children and adolescents,while physical inactivity and increased sedentary behavior seriously threaten the healthy growth of children and adolescents,and even has been listed as the fourth largest risk factor of death in the world.Globally,81% of adolescents do not meet the WHO global recommendations on physical activity for health.At present,PA promotion programs have been widely carried out in the world,such as the programs in the United States,Canada,Japan,and Australia are the representatives of comprehensive health promotion programs.The Communist Party of China and the Chinese government have been paying attention to the health of children and adolescents.A series of strategic policies were issued for providing opportunities to foster PA in children and adolescents.However,the current action programs to promote the implementation of the policy are still insufficient.Moreover,the specific,systematic,and operational approaches to promote the physical activities of children and adolescents are even less.These issues reduced the effectiveness of the policies.Although many scholars have begun to investigate the promotion of PA in children and adolescents,it is difficult to reach the key points of physical inactivity in children and adolescents due to the lack of targeted empirical research and effective improvement approach.The current research based on the social ecology theory,WSR system methodology and other theories,learned from the international experience of children's and adolescents' PA promotion,and addressed the current issues of Chinese children and adolescents' PA promotion.The purpose of this research was to construct the Chinese children's and adolescents' PA promotion model based on WSR system methodology and explore an approach to solve the physical inactivity in Chinese children and adolescents.This research mainly used literature review,questionnaire survey,expert consultation,Delphi method,AHP,experiment method,statistics and so on.Six components were stated through eight chapters: 1)Basic theoretical study.This study obtained inspiration and reflection by reviewing the literature related to health promotion,PA promotion and WSR system methodology,which laid an essential theoretical foundation for the subsequent studies.2)International enlightenment study.This study learned the experiences and inspirations by systematically reviewing and analyzing the current status of PA promotion policies and programs in the United States,Canada,Japan and Australia,which laid a practical foundation for the construction of PA promotion model for Chinese children and adolescents.3)Investigation of the current situation.This study understood the current status and issues of PA promotion for Chinese children and adolescents through a large-scale cross-sectional survey(37282 students,54997 parents and 6000 teachers from 31 provinces,autonomous regions,and municipalities),which provided a practical basis for the construction of PA promotion model in Chinese children and adolescents.4)Construction of index system.This study combined the previous theoretical study,international enlightenment,and current situation investigation,then constructed a comprehensive index system(including the aspect of school,family,community,and society)for the promotion of children's and adolescents' PA using Delphi method(consulted 17 experts)and analytic hierarchy process,which provided theoretical support for the construction of Chinese children's and adolescents' PA promotion model.5)Model construction study.This study combined with the feature of the system integrity and dynamic openness of the PA promotion in children and adolescents,as well as introduced the three-dimensional framework of Wuli(W)-Shili(S)-Renli(R).This study organically integrates the index system with the three-dimensional framework of WSR to construct a PA promotion model for Chinese children and adolescents after consulting experts.This study also developed a comprehensive WSR action program integrated “in class & after class” and “in school & after school”,which aligned the main contexts(school,family,and community)of children's and adolescents' study and life.6)Experimental study.This study selected an elementary school and a middle school as experimental schools and designed a detailed action plan based on the comprehensive WSR action program.Then,this study performed a twoyear intervention and conducted a practical exploration for the systematic health promotion in children and adolescents.This research has obtained the following conclusions:1.Reviewing the theoretical basis and implementation strategies of PAP of children and adolescents.Physical activity promotion(PAP)of children and adolescents is a systematic and complex project.On the one hand,it should be guided by certain theoretical basis to make the practical work more scientific and effective;On the other hand,based on learning from international experience,through long-term continuous exploration,targeted and holistic intervention strategies should be adopted around all places of children and adolescents' lifestyle and learning.Therefore,this study first systematically analyzed the theoretical basis of PAP of children and adolescents from the individual level,interpersonal level,group level and social level,then,comprehensively summarized the existing PAP models and methodological basis to provide a theoretical and methodological basis for the construction of PAP model for children and adolescents through literature review.Secondly,based on the current policies and practical actions related to the PAP of children's and adolescents in various countries,through the analysis and summary of relevant policies and actions in various countries,the international experience and enlightenment of the implementation strategies of children's and adolescents' physical activities were obtained,which provides practical support for the construction of children's and adolescents' PAP mode.Thirdly,this study comprehensively and systematically reviewed the current popular spots and enlightenment of the research on children and adolescents' PAP in the world through domestic and foreign literature,and provided the most cutting-edge information consultation for the implementation of children and adolescents' PAP,to ensure that the construction of children and adolescents' PAP model can keep pace with the new times.The above studies found that it was great urgency to carry out the theoretical and practical research on PAP of children and adolescents in China.At the same time,in view of the promulgation of national favorable policies,relevant theoretical support and international successful experience,constructing and exploring the localized PAP model for children and adolescents in China was fully feasible],and the WSR system methodology could provide theoretical support and methodological guidance for the construction of the model.2.Analyzing the current situation and problems of PA of children and adolescents in China through a comprehensive investigation.Based on the theory of social ecology,a large-scale survey was carried out in 31provinces(cities)in China from four aspects: individual development of children and adolescents,PAP of schools,PAP of families and PAP of communities,The results showed that:(1)Children and adolescents had a better understanding of the benefits of physical activity(PA)and motor skills,but they did not know enough about the recommended amount of daily PA,and the level of PA participation was low,especially the weekend PA participation was significantly reduced,and the sedentary behavior was intensified.(2)The quality of PE and Health teaching,extracurricular activities and the allocation of sports venues and equipment resources needed to be optimized and improved,especially the opening of primary and junior high school PE and Health courses needed to be improved,and the allocation of venues and facilities in rural areas needed to be strengthened.(3)The construction of a supportive environment for extracurricular physical activities was insufficient,which was mainly manifested in the weak development of parents' physical literacy,insufficient participation in physical activities,and lack of accompanying participation in physical activities;The normalization of "zero development" of community PA,the imbalance of supply and demand of fitness facilities,especially the lack of sports equipment for children and adolescents.Secondly,the study deeply analyzed the existing problems and causes of PAP of children and adolescents in China from multiple dimensions,and put forward feasible improvement strategies,which provided a decision-making basis for the construction of PAP mode of children and adolescents.(3)Developing a systematic and complete index system of PAP for children and adolescents.Firstly,based on the basic theory of PAP,fully drawing lessons from the relevant theories and practical experience of international children and adolescents' PAP,combined with the current situation of children and adolescents' PAP in China,this study systematically reviewed the methods and strategies of children and adolescents' PAP from four aspects of school,family,community,and society.The Delphi method was used to construct the index system of PAP for children and adolescents,forming a systematic and comprehensive method system of PAP.Secondly,this study established the weight of each index of children and adolescents' PAP by using an analytic hierarchy process,which objectively and concretely presented the importance of relevant elements of children and adolescents' PAP,and provided a reference for the construction of children and adolescents' PAP mode and the design of the practical scheme.(4)Constructing a WSR PAP model and its practice program for Chinese children and adolescents.Based on the inherent requirements and functional characteristics of the PAP model of children and adolescents,this study introduced the WSR system methodology,divided the dimensions of the index system and merged them with the same kind according to the connotation of Wuli,Shili and Renli,and formed a three-dimensional model of PAP.The results showed that,from the three-dimensional perspectives of Wuli,Shili and Renli,the dynamic logical relationship among the implementation subject,material basis and practical behavior of PAP was analyzed systematically and comprehensively,which met the requirements of the theory and practice of PAP of children and adolescents,and realized the organic integration of the structure and function of PAP mode.Secondly,based on the above-mentioned three-dimensional model,combined with different index weight indexes in the index system,this study started from inside-outside school and class;Students,teachers,parents and other different time and space dimensions systematically presented the key elements and implementation contents of PAP of children and adolescents from the three aspects of Wuli,Shili and Renli,and put forward a series of specific PAP strategies for children and adolescents,including the implementation of high-quality PE and Health curriculum,activity school construction,family school community multiple linkages,implementation of scientific reward plan,implementation of scientific reward plan,and strengthening dynamic sports intelligent monitoring,to effectively guide the practice of PAP of young students in China.(5)Verifying the implementation effect of the WSR PAP program for Chinese children and adolescents.In this study,we conducted exploratory experiments in primary and junior high schools with the previously constructed WSR PAP program for Chinese children and adolescents.The results showed that the WSR PAP program improves the PA level and motor cognition level of students,and the longer the implementation time was,the better the effect was;At same time,through the intervention practice,the support of relevant stakeholders has been improved to a certain extent,the multiple linkage platform for promoting children and adolescents' physical activities were built,the integrated PA support environment was been created,and the time and opportunities for students' physical activities were increased.Further analysis of the research results showed that the implementation of the systematic practice program improved the sedentary lifestyle of children and adolescents,and the implementation of the comprehensive PAP program was more conducive to maintaining long-term health benefits.Therefore,the feasibility and effectiveness of the WSR PAP program for Chinese children and adolescents constructed in this study was confirmed,which provided strong empirical support for the development of PAP for Chinese children and adolescents.