Research On Moral Education Thoughts In The Family Instructions Of Officials In Song Dynasty Form The Perspective Of Virtue Ethics

The emergence and expansion of family instructions of officials is the outstanding characteristic of the development of family instructions in song dynasty.The family instructions of officials in song dynasty came into being in the historical environment of the collapse of rites and morals,as well as the historical mission of rebuilding ethics and restoring social order.It is a written family instruction document written by bureaucrats and scholars in song dynasty to advise their descendants.Conduct moral education through teaching and discipline.Its core theme is to guide children and grandchildren to cultivate themselves as adults,emphasize moral cultivation,and pursue the "goodness" of gentleman personality and the "acme of perfection" of moral ideal.In value pursuit,core idea,and so on has the virtue ethics dimension.Its essence is to take the moral subject as the center,get the virtue for the purpose,focus on the problem of "how to become a virtuous person ".And it emphasizes the formation and perfection of individual moral personality.The family instructions of official's in song dynasty put the development of personal virtue in the moral practice and specific context of social life,which contains rich moral education contents.This article from the core proposition of virtue ethics that is " cultivation of virtue",based on McIntyre from three dimensions:practice,integrity and traditional reinterpretation of virtue ethics,focusing on individual interior and exterior unity of moral practice and the integrity of moral life,from the personal virtue's internal generation,social outreach and group transcendence,to analyze the moral education content in the family instructions of official's in song dynasty such aspects as dealing with oneself,dealing with others and dealing with the world.Generally speaking,through the teaching of self-cultivation,it can guide individual autonomy to cultivate virtue.Through the teaching of the ethics of life,the individual can put his virtue into social practice.Through thecultivation of family and country feelings,it can guide individual set up responsibility view and duty view.To realize the cultivation of individual virtue and the overall promotion of social group virtue.Giving practical significance to moral thoughts through the practice of moral education is the fundamental way for the family instructions of officials in song dynasty to play its role in moral education.The practical application of principles and methods is the inevitable requirement of moral education.In the principle of moral education,based on the objective law of physical and mental development,it guides individuals to internalize moral cognition into stable moral personality.The officials in song dynasty followed the principles of virtue cultivation,such as early education,gradual progress,virtue and wisdom complementary,unity of knowledge and practice,combination of love and education,and so on.In the method of moral education,it emphasizes the internal and external linkage between moral training and self-cultivation of virtue.Through external cultivation methods and self-virtue cultivation,such as education by circumstances,citation of classics,teach by precept and example,and supporting by legal principles,the way of realizing family moral education is transformed from external moral education to individual internal moral consciousness.Although the moral education thought of family instructions of officials in song dynasty was confined to the traditional frame of feudal society,and with the change of contemporary family structure and family life style,the traditional moral community on which it was based gradually disintegrated.However,under the realistic situation and development demand of current family moral education,its positive and reasonable part still has certain enlightenment significance to reshape the concept of contemporary family moral education.First,taking the cultivation of virtue as the objective of practice,focusing on the formation and perfection of subjective moral personality;Second,taking self-cultivation as the implementation guidance,and emphasizing moral consciousness and experience;Third,based on the integrity of personal life,to realizing the virtue of "internal and external connection";Fourth,we should pay attention to the practice of virtue and create an environment of moral education in daily life.Fifth,we should follow the law of individual physical and mental development,and attach importance to the continuity of moral education.