The Impact Of Wages On Overwork Of The Low-income Migrant Workers

With the acceleration of urbanization in China,a great quantity of rural remaining labor start to divert to cities and towns,becoming the migrant workers in the urban employment market.However,compared with urban workers,the wages and benefits of migrant workers are relatively low,so most migrant workers take the way of increasing working hours to improve their income.Overwork is a serious problem.Overwork is not only harmful to the health of migrant workers,but also not conducive to the harmony and stability of the whole society.Therefore,to explore the main influencing factors of migrant workers' overwork and put forward policy suggestions to alleviate migrant workers' overwork will not only help to improve the quality of migrant workers' employment,but also help to promote the sustainable and healthy development of China's economy.According to the labor supply theory,the wage rate is an important factor affecting the working hours of workers,but the effect of wage rate on the working hours of workers at different income levels is different.Statistics show that most of the migrant workers are engaged in the work with low wages,and the lower the income,the more serious the migrant workers are overworked.Therefore,this paper focuses on the impact of wages on the overwork of low-income migrant workers.Based on the analysis of the impact of hourly wage increase on their overwork,further analysis of the impact of the minimum wage increase on the overwork of migrant workers.First of all,this paper uses the dynamic monitoring survey data of the floating population in 2017,establishes the model of overworking choice,and applies the instrument variable method to eliminate the endogenous of hourly wage,and analyzes the impact of hourly wage on the overworking choice and overworking time of low-income migrant workers.The results show that:(1)The increase of hourly wage does not show the role of reducing the probability of migrant workers' overworking choice,but increases the probability of female migrant workers' overworking choice.This is because women usually spend a lot of time in family production,and the probability of overworking choice is low.When the hourly wage increases,it may increase their working hours and thus increase their probability of overwork.(2)The increase of hourly wage reduces the overworking time of low-income male migrant workers,but increases the overworking time of low-income female migrant workers.This is because the working hours of male migrant workers who have been in the state of overwork have been very long,and their income effect is greater than the substitution effect.When the hourly wage increases,their overworking time will be less.However,female migrant workers have less overworking time than male migrant workers,and the substitution effect is greater than the income effect.When the hourly wage is increased,the overworking time will be increased.Secondly,this paper uses the dynamic monitoring survey data of the floating population in 2015 and 2016,and uses the dual difference method based on regression adjustment to study the impact of the minimum wage increase on the overworking choice and overworking time of low-income migrant workers.The results show that:(1)the increase of the minimum wage will significantly increase the overworking choice probability of low skilled female migrant workers,but it has no significant impact on the overworking choice probability of male migrant workers.This is because the increase of the minimum wage increases the employment cost of the enterprise,so the employer may reduce the cost by increasing the working time.However,due to the greater unemployment pressure faced by female migrant workers,in order to keep their jobs,they are more likely to increase the working time and increase the overworking rate.However,the unemployment pressure of male migrant workers is relatively small,and the proportion of overwork has been very high.The increase of minimum wage will not affect the probability of male migrant workers' overworking choice.(2)The impact of the minimum wage increase on the overworking time of low-income migrant workers is not significant.This is because a large number of over working migrant workers are in the state of heavy overworking,so their workinging hours can not continue to increase with the increase of the minimum wage,and the working state of overworking migrant workers is worse than expected.Therefore,under the premise of ensuring that migrant workers get a reasonable wage,the government should strictly limit overtime wage,ensure that overtime can get a reasonable income,and implement the labor law of China's policy provisions on working hours,strictly supervise the employment time of enterprises,and try to avoid overwork.Secondly,the government departments should make clear the working hours corresponding to the monthly minimum wage while raising the minimum wage,or define the hourly minimum wage.At the same time,they should strengthen the implementation and supervision of policies to prevent enterprises from reducing labor costs by increasing working hours.In this way,we can effectively improve the working status of low-income migrant workers,reduce their overworking choice probability,and reduce their overworking time.