The Impact Of Compulsory Education On Rural Women's Income In China

The development of education is fundamental to the prosperity of the country and the revitalization of the countryside.Education can play an important role in the overall quality,employment ability and social status of the labor force.It can reduce wage discrimination,reduce gender wage differences,improve the education level of children,and improve social status.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,our government has attached great importance to the education in rural areas.However,under the influence of urban-rural dual system,traditional concepts,economic development,physiological objective gap and other factors,the development of education in rural areas in China is still relatively backward.With the promulgation and implementation of the compulsory education law of the people's Republic of China in 1986,the equal right of urban and rural residents to receive compulsory education has been guaranteed,and the education situation,comprehensive ability,employment opportunities and income level of rural residents have been greatly improved.However,compared with the rural male groups,the rural female groups are facing many difficulties in education,employment and social security.Therefore,it is worth our attention and analysis to study the impact of the implementation of compulsory education on rural women's wage income and improve the implementation effect of compulsory education policy.Firstly,this paper combs and summarizes the frontier papers on rural women's education and income at home and abroad,and finds that there are few papers are devoted to discuss the relationship between rural women's education and income in China in academic circles at present,and there is also a lack of empirical research of specific implementation effect of education popularization policy.Secondly,based on cost-benefit theory of family investment behavior,human capital theory and labor market segmentation theory,this paper analyzes the decision-making mechanism of children education in rural family and the mechanism of 1986 compulsory education law affecting rural women's wage income from the theoretical level,and puts forward the corresponding research hypothesis.Based on the analysis of the current situation of rural compulsory education in China,this paper uses the micro data of "China household income project survey(Chip 2013)" and Minser's classical equation,this paper uses OLS regression method,instrumental variable method,quantile regression method and generalized quantile regression method to empirically test the impact of 1986 compulsory education on rural women's wage income,and the heterogeneity of impact on different levels.The results show that:(1)the OLS regression results show that the regression coefficients of the years of Education under the basic model and the extended model are significantly positive,5.09% and 4.85%,respectively;Under the two models,the return on education of the 10-14-year-old group is 0.5% and 0.79% than that of the 15-19-year-old group,respectively,indicating that education can effectively promote the growth of wage income of rural women groups.(2)Among the regression results of instrumental variable method,the estimation results of 2SLS,LIML and GMM are completely consistent;the regression coefficients of the years of Education under the basic model and the extended model are significantly positive,and are 3.95% and 4.05% respectively,which indicates that the implementation of compulsory education will promote the growth of wage income of rural women.(3)In the quantile regression results,the educational returns of rural women on the quantile were 7.57%?7.03%?4.99%?4.39%?4.10%?3.77%?4.15%?3.86%?4.04%,respectively,which indicated that the return on education will decrease with fluctuation with the increase of quantile,the educational returns of low-income groups were higher than those of high-income groups,and the generalized quantile regression showed a declining trend with the improvement of the quantile The characteristics of the regression results were consistent with those of the quantile regression.(4)In terms of gender differences,the return to education of rural women is generally higher than that of rural men;in terms of regional differences,the return to education of rural women is generally decreasing in the order of East,middle and West on the 10% to 30% quantile,and in the order of East,West and middle on the 30% to 90% quantile;in terms of unit ownership,the return to education of rural women within the system is always higher than outside of the system;in the labor market,the return to education in the primary labor market is always much higher than the secondary labor market.According to the theoretical analysis and empirical analysis results,this paper puts forward relevant policy suggestions from the aspects of improving the quality of rural compulsory education,optimizing the structure of rural education subsidies,creating a gender fair social environment,reducing the differences in compulsory education,coordinating the internal and external income mechanisms,improving the labor market,etc.It is hoped that the conclusions of this paper can provide theoretical reference for deepening the research fields of economics and pedagogy and for the research of rural women groups in China,and provide suggestions for the relevant government departments to make more scientific and efficient educational decisions.