Research On Regional Innovation Efficiency And Its Spatial Effect In China

Innovation is the source of regional comprehensive strength and international competitiveness,and it is the primary driving force for development.As China's economic and social development has entered a period of new normal,and governments are focusing on the transformation of old and new kinetic energy,innovation has been increasingly valued by the state and governments at all levels.In recent years,China's R&D expenditure has increased for several years,and it has continued to maintain rapid growth.According to "China Science and Technology Statistical Yearbook 2017",in 2016 China's R&D expenditure increased by 10.6%from the previous year,and the total amount reached 1,566675 trillion yuan,second only to the United States in the world.However,while the country continues to increase its investment in innovation,there are obvious spatial differences in innovation activities in all regions,and the development is extremely uneven.According to the "Statistical Bulletin for National Science and Technology Funds Expenditure 2016",China's R&D expenditures are mainly concentrated in some developed eastern regions,of which Jiangsu,Guangdong,Beijing,Shandong,Zhejiang,and Shanghai account for nearly 60%of the country's total,while other provinces R&D expenditures are generally relatively low.It can be seen that there is a huge regional "gap" in China's investment in innovation,innovation activities are gathering in the east,and the differentiation of "coastal and inland" is intensifying,and the regional innovation efficiency is significantly different.In view of this,this paper first uses the non-radial SBM-DEA model,takes the"innovation failure" factor as undesired output,recalculates the regional innovation efficiency and its spatial difference.A comparative analysis of the results was conducted with the traditional methods of undesired outputs.Secondly,a Tobit regression model was constructed to explore the influence mechanism of regional innovation efficiency from the perspectives of regional innovation input structure,regional linkage compactness,and regional development characteristics,and then explored the promotion of regional innovation.Thirdly,the use of GIS spatial analysis methods to empirically analyze the spatial autocorrelation and transition process of regional innovation efficiency,and further test the convergence of spatial differences,in order to explore the innovation efficiency from the perspective of the dynamics of factor mobility.Finally,based on empirical research results,policy recommendations are made to provide decision-making reference for policy formulation of regional innovation and coordinated development.The main findings of the study include the followings:(1)There are significant regional differences in innovation efficiency.The efficiency of regional innovation under "innovation failure" is significantly lower than that of non-expected output.The differences in regional innovation efficiency under both scenarios are significant.From the measurement results,the average value of regional innovation efficiency under the condition of "innovation failure" is about 10%-25%lower than that of non-expected output,which shows that the innovation failure in the innovation process in China will have an impact on regional innovation efficiency.While lowering the level of innovation efficiency,traditional measurement methods did not incorporate innovation failures into innovative non-desired outputs.The measurement results are subject to large errors and do not truly reflect China's regional innovation efficiency.(2)Government subsidies and financial support have a negative effect on regional innovation efficiency.It shows that these two innovation input methods have a crowding-out effect on the company's own innovation investment,but instead inhibit the improvement of innovation efficiency;the degree of industry-university-research linkage,domestic knowledge transfer Degree and degree of international knowledge transfer have a positive effect on regional innovation efficiency,indicating that collaborative innovation and technology introduction are conducive to the flow and acquisition of knowledge,which has a positive effect on the improvement of regional innovation efficiency;in addition,infrastructure,regional economic development,Per capita GDP also has a positive impact on regional innovation efficiency,indicating that regional infrastructure plays an important role in regional innovation efficiency.(3)China's regional innovation efficiency has a significant spatial correlation,and there is a clear path dependence in the process of spatial transition.The results of global spatial autocorrelation analysis show that China's regional innovation efficiency presents a geographical agglomeration trend,and it also has a higher innovation efficiency in regions adjacent to regions with high regional innovation efficiency;local autocorrelation analysis results show that high efficiency agglomeration is mainly concentrated in the eastern coast and the provinces around Guangdong;low-efficiency agglomeration is mainly distributed in the northwestern area and central China area.The analysis of the spatial transition process shows that the provinces in which the migration occurs are mostly from the low-efficiency set-up area to the high-value set area,and this migration process has obvious path dependence.(4)Regardless of whether it is from the national level or the regional level of East,Central,and West,China's regional innovation efficiency shows significant a convergence and absolute β convergence.In the future evolution of regional innovation efficiency,the absolute difference and growth rate of regional innovation efficiency will gradually converge.The conditional β convergence test after joining the control variable shows that the important factor in promoting innovation efficiency convergence at the national level is human capital;an important factor to promote the convergence of innovation efficiency in the eastern region is the human capital;and the convergence of innovation efficiency in the central region is infrastructure construction.The important factor that promotes the convergence of innovation efficiency in the western region is financial support.