Studies On Agricultural Risk Perception And Avoidance Of Apple Farmers In China

China is the world's most important apple producer,trader and consumer.As the first batch of China's dominant agricultural products,apple is a fruit variety with a wide range of economic functions and is the main economic source for fruit growers in the main producing areas.In recent years,affected by the superposition of various agricultural risks,the apple market has fluctuate greatly.Apple prices have continued to fall.Small-scale farmers as the mainstay of production and management are the most important bearers of agricultural risks.Their perception and avoidance of agricultural risks are determined.The important factors for the future risk of the apple industry are also important aspects that must be mastered when formulating the apple industry agricultural risk management strategy and developing relevant risk management tools.Based on this,this paper takes the risk perception and avoidance of apple famers in the main producing areas of Shandong province and Shanxi province as the research object,adopts the data acquisition method combining questionnaire investigation and typical investigation,and masters the two major apple productions in Shandong and Shanxi.The main characteristics of apple production and sales in the district's production and management entities,the characteristics of various agricultural risks,and characteristics of risk aversion,using the Probit mathematical model,combined with a statistical description to discuss the main factors influencing the perception of agricultural risk and the behavior of risk aversion factors,the main conclusions are:(1)The agricultural risk perception of fruit growers differs depending on the level of education,production and management.First,the higher the degree of education of the fruit farmers and the richer the planting experience,the more they tend to choose market risks as their primary risks.Second,fruit growers who adopt diversified cultivation tend to think that market risk is not a major risk.Thirdly,if fruit products produced have passed the certification of quality and quality of label products such as "Sanpinyibiao",fruit growers tend not to regard market risk as the main risk.The reason may be that sales prices and channels are more secure.Fourth,it is considered that natural disasters are the main factors affecting apple yield and quality.Fruit farmers are more inclined to regard production risk as the most important agricultural risk.(2)The ways of avoiding agricultural and agricultural risks differ depending on the age of planting,the characteristics of risk perception,and the availability of risk aversion measures.For the risk avoidance measures such as agricultural insurance,diversified planting,participation in agricultural cooperatives,and order agriculture as designed in the questionnaire,fruit growers generally choose only one or two of them as their evasive measures,and those who choose to diversify planting will choose less agricultural insurance.More farmers participate in agricultural cooperatives;the longer the cultivation period for fruit growers,the less agricultural insurance is adopted as their risk aversion measure;whether fruit growers join cooperatives is affected by the development level of cooperatives,the more perfect cooperative services are developed,the more types of services are provided,and the more the fruit growers tend to join.The more active the farmers' understanding of the effect of agricultural insurance is,the more they tend to adopt agricultural insurance as a risk aversion measure.Compared with Shandong,the proportion of fruit farmers participating in agricultural insurance is higher;the choice of evasion measures for fruit farmers depends on the availability of circumvention measures and local government policy arrangements.According to the model analysis conclusions and field survey results,the following suggestions are proposed for the agricultural industry's agricultural risk management: to increase government propaganda and raise awareness of risk management of production and management entities;to strengthen the management of agricultural cooperatives,to improve the functions of cooperatives,and to increase the organization of production and management entities;aiming at the characteristics of the apple industry,increase the coverage of agricultural insurance,design and launch agricultural insurance products suitable for different production areas,and actively develop various forms of risk management tools;improve the scale,standardization and branding of apple production and operation,strengthen resistance to various types of risks.