The Impact Of Livelihoods On Human Settlements

The relationship between human and natural have become a hotspot in the academic circle.It's also gradually becoming a social issue.At present,most scholars have less research on the relationship between human and natural for residential.In particular,there are fewer articles that are studied from the perspective of farmers.In order to have a good knowledge of livelihoods which take an important role in the human settlements,we establish the research ideas of “tourism development-famers liveihood changes-famers' human settlements changes”.Based on the sustainable livelihood theory,the famers' survey date of Tangkou Town,Mount Huangshan.This research analyses the famers who have different types of livelihoods and human settlements.What's more,comparing the performance of different types of famers in the human settlements.At last,form the livelihood perspective,the impact factors and driving human settlements parrerns are identified.The results are as following:(1)Dividing the development of Tangkou Town's livelihood-human settlements into three phases: the stage of traditional agricultural development before 1978,the initial development of tourism from 1979 to 1997,and the rapid development of tourism since 1998.With the advancement of time,the livelihoods approach has evolved from singleness to diversification,the quality of living and conditions have gradually increased,the social structure has progressed from homogenization to heterogeneity,the social network of kinship has been broken,and living comfort has gradually increased.The level of human settlements has improved.(2)As traditional agriculture-based livelihoods are gradually replaced by tourism-based livelihoods,there are differences in the livelihood strategies adopted by residents,and at the same time,the amount of livelihood capital owned by residents also varies.In general,tourismdominated farmers and tourism oriented farmers physical capital,social capital,and financial capital are higher than the traditional migrant workers,both agricultural and industrial workers,as well as comprehensive.Traditional laborers and agricultural-industry workers have higher levels of human capital ownership.Comprehensive farmers have amount of livelihood capital ownership is generally at the middle level.(3)Through the analysis of the living conditions of farmers,public infrastructureand service facilities,social economy and environmental sanitation,it has found that the environment quality of tourism-related rural households is significantly higher than that of non-tourist rural households.The level of satisfaction of rural households living in the environment is generally at the general level.The satisfaction of different types of rural households on the human settlement environment is not the same.Tourism-related farmers are more satisfied with the human settlement environment than non-tourist households.(4)Analysing the impact of livelihood capital on the human settlement environment based on the grey relational model,and finding that the correlation coefficient between livelihood capital and the human settlement environment is above0.5,indicating that livelihood capital has a significant impact on the human settlement environment.This study chooses the development of human settlements as a starting point,from several aspects to reveal the different kind of the farmers under the human settlements.The author attempts to enrich the related theories of tourism geography using such a new way of thinking.The small town is a special geographical unit between city and countryside.Research on the residential human settlements of small towns is the supplement and perfection of human settlements of city.The chosen case Tangkou Town as a representative gateway community is a typical model of human settlements.Tangkou Town belongs to the gateway community of the Mount Huangshan.This research has important influence on the future development,planning and cultural protection of the mountain tourism portal community in China.