| Since the reform and opening up,China's economy has been continuously developing and the overall national strength has been continuously enhanced,but problems such as resource consumption and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent.This kind of development at the expense of resources and the environment is an unsustainable development,which has brought a heavy burden on our country's future economic development and resources and environment.In the face of this unsustainable development approach,China proposed that we must establish the concept of ecological civilization that respects nature,conforms to nature,and protects nature,and takes the path of sustainable development.As a pioneering demonstration zone for the construction of ecological civilization in China,the Yangtze River Economic Belt stretches across the three major regions of China's eastern,central and western regions and is one of the regions with the largest supporting role in China's regional strategic planning.Including Yunnan,Guizhou,Sichuan,Chongqing,Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi,Anhui,Zhejiang,Jiangsu and Shanghai,the 11 provinces and cities have a total area of about 2.05 million square kilometers,accounting for 21.4% of the country's total land area,and Population accounts for about 43% of China's total population.Relying on the advantageous geographical position of the Yangtze River Basin,the traffic arteries,abundant natural resources,and strong economic foundation of water transportation make the Yangtze River Economic Belt's advantages in its regional economic development strategy prominent.Since 2013,the total economic share of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has remained at over 40%.In 2016,the total economic volume of the Yangtze River Economic Belt reached 33.72 trillion yuan,accounting for 45.5% of the national total.However,with the rapid economic and social development,the increase in the number of people,and the unrestrained use of natural resources,the inefficient use of resources and people's demand for natural resources have approached the upper limit of the ecological environment,which has imposed constraints on the economic development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.In addition,there are many sources of pollution,the amount of pollution is increased,and the ecological environment is seriously damaged.The construction of ecological civilization closely related to it is seriously lagging behind.the issue of ecological security has become increasingly prominent and even worsening,which has severely hindered the economic and social development of this key region in the new era.Therefore,under this background,the Yangtze River Economic Belt,as a pioneering demonstration zone for the construction of ecological civilization in China,needs to combine its own advantages through the study of the interaction between economic activities and the ecological environment,that is,the level of eco-efficiency,use less resources as much as possible to create more economic output and have the least impact on the environment in order to promote sustainable economic and social development,to achieve a win-win result of economic benefits and environmental benefits,solve the ecological and environmental problems faced in economic development,and improve the level of eco-efficiency.So,at this stage,how is the overall eco-efficiency development trend of the Yangtze River Economic Belt? What are the differences in the distribution of eco-efficiency in the 11 provinces of the Yangtze River Economic Belt? And what are the factors that affect the level of eco-efficiency,and what is the specific impact? These are questions that are worth studying.Therefore,this article will start with eco-efficiency and evaluate the eco-efficiency of the 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt,based on this analysis,the influencing factors of regional eco-efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are analyzed,and the direction and suggestions for improving eco-efficiency are clearly proposed based on the research results.The main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)From the perspective of static analysis,the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt as a whole showed a trend of slowly rising during the period of 2005-2006,with an average eco-efficiency of 0.620,which truly reflects the state of development between the ecological environment and economic development;From the perspective of regional scale analysis,there are obvious regional differences in eco-efficiency,showing a gradual decline from the lower reaches of the Yangtze River to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.The average eco-efficiency in the downstream areas was 0.898,which was higher than that in the middle and upper reaches.The middle reaches followed by a mean of 0.482.The lowest level in the upstream was 0.445.The mean values in the middle and upper reaches were all lower than the overall average.(2)From the perspective of dynamic analysis,the values of total factor productivity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2005-2016 are all greater than 1,indicating that the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt has generally risen from 2005 to 2016,with an average annual growth rate of 19.5%.The average annual growth rate of technical efficiency and technological progress has been continuously increasing,with growth rates of 5.8% and 15.5% respectively.It can be seen from this that the growth of the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt comes from the combination of technological efficiency and technological progress,and the impetus of technological advancement is large.At the same time,the annual average growth rate of purely technical and scale efficiency that causes technological efficiency growth is also rising,but mainly from the increase in scale efficiency.From a regional point of view,the provinces with higher average annual growth rates of total factor productivity are mainly concentrated in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River,while the relatively economically developed lower reaches of the Yangtze River have decreased,indicating that the achievements in the eco-efficiency of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River are more pronounced..(3)Based on the Tobit regression model analysis results,we can see that among the factors affecting eco-efficiency,the improvement of regional economic development has had a positive impact on the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The higher the level of economic development in a region,the better the momentum of ecological and economic development;The optimization of industrial structure has a significant role in promoting the improvement of eco-environmental efficiency,mainly because the increase in the proportion of the tertiary industry has a significant role in promoting the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt;The increase in the proportion of coal consumption is indeed unfavorable to the improvement of the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt;scientific and technological progress has a significant role in promoting the improvement of eco-efficiency;The increase in foreign direct investment is not conducive to the improvement of the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.The estimation coefficient of energy-saving and environmental protection fiscal expenditure is positive,which has a positive effect on the eco-efficiency of the Yangtze River Economic Belt,but the relationship is not significant.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes policy recommendations:(1)transform government functions and improve market management mechanisms;(2)rationally allocate resources and optimize industrial structure;(3)increase scientific research investment and upgrade scientific and technological levels;(4)optimize the spatial layout,make overall plans and coordinate development. |
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